Small low-temperature district heating network development prospects

Abstract

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Roadblocks to Low Temperature District Heating

“…For this reason, it is difficult to assess quantitively the steps necessary for 4/5GDHN compatible building stock; instead a qualitative approach can be adopted based on progress elsewhere. There have been many studies on the compatibility of LTDHN with current building stock [23,67,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Several of these papers present an analysis of the existing radiator system [67,81].…”

Life Cycle Assessment of Different Low-Temperature District Heating Development Scenarios: A Case Study of Municipality in Latvia

“…Among all the available methods to determine the environmental impacts in the energy sector most used is Global Warming Potential (GWP) enhancing Climate Change in terms of CO2 equivalent of all Green House Gases (GHG) [12], [13]. However, referring only to GWP reduction as the only sustainability criteria to be assessed it could be misleading because other environmental impacts can play a relevant role on the assessment of the environmental profile Environmental and Climate Technologies ___________________________________________________________________________ 2019 / 23 274 of the DH operational system and because carbon dioxide emissions only partly are addressed to the climate change.…”

Holistic optimization framework for the operation of urban energy systems

“…Percentage savings, however, were highly influenced by the electricity price [62]. Especially where heating systems are concerned, the embracing of infrastructure for low-temperature networks, presents a highly viable option of integrating waste heat [63].…”

“…Considerable research was invested in the attempt to reduce thermal losses to the environment by working with fluid temperature which is closer to ground temperatures. That resulted in the widely popular low-temperature district heating networks [63,75].…”

“…These models are only capable of quantifying the energy in and out-flows; regardless of how positive the optimal results are, they suggest very little on how the system should be operated. The efficiency of urban thermal systems, in particular, are especially sensitive to temperature changes, hence optimization with respect to thermal energy flows alone is insufficient [63].…”