Abstract:Vaginal reconstruction has incorporated the use of gastrointestinal segments for decades, but the technique is inevitably associated with complications. Tissue-engineering techniques, however, have brought great hope for vaginal reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in reconstructing clinically significant large vaginal defects in a porcine model and to investigate the role of the Hippo pathway in the vascular remodeling process. The composition and mechan… Show more
“…The thickness of the step was 20 µm. Sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE), and immunohistochemically for the detection of endothelial cells (anti-CD31; 1:15, DACO, Glostrup, Denmark), endothelial cells persisting in a phenotypic plastic state (anti-CD34, 1:20, DACO, Glostrup, Denmark), and smooth muscle cells (SMC; anti-smooth muscle actin; 1:100, Cell Marque) following the manufacturer’s instructions as described previously [ 19 , 20 ].…”
The dental pulp is a highly vascularized and innervated loose connective tissue surrounded by hard dental tissues – enamel and dentine. With the primary dentin formation and the closure of the root apex, the conditions in the dental pulp change and pulp tissue compliance are reduced. Endothelial cells of pulpal blood vessels are highly differentiated and are capable of adaptation to changes in the environment. We aimed to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity of endothelial cells of pulpal blood vessels in permanent premolars with open (N = 6) or closed root apex (N = 30). The pulp tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) for the histological analysis, and immunohistochemically for a cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), a cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), and for smooth muscle actin (SMA) to detect vessels with CD31, CD34, and SMA positive endothelial cells. We used the student’s t-test and Pearson correlation test for the statistical analysis. We found a significantly higher percentage of the vessels with CD31 (P = 0.005) and CD34 (P = 0.000) positive endothelial cells in the group of teeth with closed root apex compared to the group with open apex. A significant positive correlation between SMA positive and CD31 positive vessels (P = 0.003) and between CD31 positive and CD34 positive vessels (P = 0.031) was also found. We conclude that the endothelial cells of dental pulp vessels express a small amount of CD31, but a pronounced expression of SMA and CD34, which indicates their progenitor potential and contractile ability.
“…The thickness of the step was 20 µm. Sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE), and immunohistochemically for the detection of endothelial cells (anti-CD31; 1:15, DACO, Glostrup, Denmark), endothelial cells persisting in a phenotypic plastic state (anti-CD34, 1:20, DACO, Glostrup, Denmark), and smooth muscle cells (SMC; anti-smooth muscle actin; 1:100, Cell Marque) following the manufacturer’s instructions as described previously [ 19 , 20 ].…”
The dental pulp is a highly vascularized and innervated loose connective tissue surrounded by hard dental tissues – enamel and dentine. With the primary dentin formation and the closure of the root apex, the conditions in the dental pulp change and pulp tissue compliance are reduced. Endothelial cells of pulpal blood vessels are highly differentiated and are capable of adaptation to changes in the environment. We aimed to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity of endothelial cells of pulpal blood vessels in permanent premolars with open (N = 6) or closed root apex (N = 30). The pulp tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) for the histological analysis, and immunohistochemically for a cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), a cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), and for smooth muscle actin (SMA) to detect vessels with CD31, CD34, and SMA positive endothelial cells. We used the student’s t-test and Pearson correlation test for the statistical analysis. We found a significantly higher percentage of the vessels with CD31 (P = 0.005) and CD34 (P = 0.000) positive endothelial cells in the group of teeth with closed root apex compared to the group with open apex. A significant positive correlation between SMA positive and CD31 positive vessels (P = 0.003) and between CD31 positive and CD34 positive vessels (P = 0.031) was also found. We conclude that the endothelial cells of dental pulp vessels express a small amount of CD31, but a pronounced expression of SMA and CD34, which indicates their progenitor potential and contractile ability.
“…After 12 weeks, improvements were observed in the formation of multilayer squamous epithelium, angiogenesis, and the formation of large muscle bundles in the vagina. These findings suggest the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in the angiogenesis of the new vagina [ 141 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Tissue Repair Using Functional Sismentioning
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