Small Intestinal Submucosa Biomimetic Periosteum Promotes Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Background: Critical bone defects are a significant problem in clinics. The periosteum plays a vital role in bone regeneration. A tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) has received increasing attention as a novel strategy for bone defect repairs. Methods: In this experiment, a biomimetic periosteum was fabricated by using coaxial electrospinning technology with decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as the shell and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the core. In vitro, the effects of the biomimetic periosteum on Schwann cells, vascular endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were detected by a scratch test, an EdU, a tube-forming test, and an osteogenesis test. In vivo, we used HE staining to evaluate the effect of the biomimetic periosteum on bone regeneration. Results: In vitro experiments showed that the biomimetic periosteum could significantly promote the formation of angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and repaired Schwann cells (SCs). In vivo experiments showed that the biomimetic periosteum could promote the repair of bone defects. Conclusions: The biomimetic periosteum could simulate the structural function of the periosteum and promote bone repair. This strategy may provide a promising method for the clinical treatment of skull bone defects.

Recent Advances in the Application of Natural and Synthetic Polymer-Based Scaffolds in Musculoskeletal Regeneration

“…Electrospinning is a popular scaffold fabrication technique that enables the design and fabrication of nanofiber scaffolds similar to natural ECM [ 187 , 188 ]. In this method, the polymer melt or solute is first poured into a syringe with a capillary tube, and under a high-voltage electric field, the polymer fluid overcomes surface tension to flow in the direction of the electric field, resulting in long and thin threads, and finally, nanofibers are stably deposited on the substrate to form the scaffold.…”

The application of small intestinal submucosa in tissue regeneration

“…The results of the studies showed the ability of SP-loaded SIS/PCLA sheet to recruit cells and promote wound healing. Furthermore, coaxial electrospinning technology was also used to create a bionic periosteum consisting of a shell made of SIS and a nucleus made of PCL [ 87 ]. The fibers of the biomimetic periosteum are arranged in parallel and have a distinct core-shell structure.…”