Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive tract: bioavailability and in situ efficacy of ampicillin in the pig caecum

Escoula, Louis; Coste, Marguerite; Larrieu, G.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32312-9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The kinetics determined in gnotoxenic animals strongly suggest the involvement of E. coli AmpR in ampicillin inactivation in the digestive tract. Although these results do not exclude the possibility that other bacteria metabolize ampicillin (Pollock, 1964), they are in agreement with the previously observed relationship between the level of the resistant colibacillary flora and the fate of this antibiotic in the digestive tract of the conventional pig (Escoula et al, 1982). Even relatively low concentrations of ampicillin are sufficient to reduce the number of AmpR E. coli to lo5 ml-l.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This is probably linked to the presence of ecological niches inaccessible to the antibiotic and/or the reversible transformation of E. coli into filamentous forms that become insensitive to the antibiotic (Rolinson et al, 1977). This threshold effect was also noted in the caecal colibacillary flora of conventional pigs (Escoula et al, 1982). It should be noted that there was no correlation between the sensitivity (MIC) of E. coli determined in vitro and results obtained in uiuo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ampicillin is also given orally in neonatal diarrhoea therapy in the calf (Jones, 1974;Rolinson & Stevens, 1961). Studies on the fate of ampicillin in the digestive tract show considerable quantitative variations between individual animals of the same species (calves and pigs) (Acred et al, 1966;Escoula et al, 1982;Larkin, 1972). The presence of ampicillin-resistant (AmpR) organisms in the intestine, whether autochthonous or pathogenic, is likely to be a factor in these variations; both intracellular and extracellular Q-lactamases produced by such organisms may be responsible for in situ degradation of this antibiotic in the digestive tract (Abraham & Chain, 1940;Bakhtiar & Selwyn, 1978;Lacey, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ampicillin Inactivation in the Caecum of Axenic, Gnotoxenic and Conventional Lambs: Interaction with Resistant or Sensitive Escherichia coli

Coste¹,

Gouet²,

Escoula³

1984

Microbiology

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The fate of orally administered ampicillin was studied in axenic lambs, in gnotoxenic lambs given a complex microflora and a mixture of ampicillin resistant and/or sensitive strains of Escherichia coli, and in conventional lambs. In axenic lambs or animals with a sensitive microflora, antibiotic concentrations of 500-1600 micrograms ml-1 were detected in the intestine, and most of the ampicillin passed through the small intestine and entered the large intestine, within 12-15 h of administration. These antibiotic concentrations were sufficient to decrease the numbers of ampicillin-sensitive E. coli from 10(8)-10(9) bacteria ml-1 to about 10(5)-10(6) bacteria ml-1 by 8 h after ampicillin administration. Second and third doses of antibiotic had no further effect on the bacterial count. Administration of ampicillin to animals hosting ampicillin-resistant E. coli resulted in a significant inactivation of the antibiotic in the intestine. As might be expected there was little reduction in the numbers of these organisms. These results are similar to those observed in conventional lambs hosting resistant E. coli as the dominant colibacillary flora.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ampicillin Inactivation in the Caecum of Axenic, Gnotoxenic and Conventional Lambs: Interaction with Resistant or Sensitive Escherichia coli

Coste¹,

Gouet²,

Escoula³

1984

Microbiology

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Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive tract: bioavailability and in situ activity of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin and gentamicin in the pig caecum

Escoula¹,

Larrieu²,

Galtier³

1984

Research in Veterinary Science

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Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla _TEM Genes in Swine Feces

Bibbal

Dupouy

Ferré

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of three ampicillin dosage regimens on ampicillin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae recovered from swine feces by use of phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Phenotypically, ampicillin resistance was determined from the percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae and MICs of Escherichia coli isolates. The pool of ampicillin resistance genes was also monitored by quantification of bla TEM genes, which code for the most frequently produced ␤-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria, using a newly developed real-time PCR assay. Ampicillin was administered intramuscularly and orally to fed or fasted pigs for 7 days at 20 mg/kg of body weight. The average percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae before treatment was between 2.5% and 12%, and bla TEM gene quantities were below 10 7 copies/g of feces. By days 4 and 7, the percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae exceeded 50% in all treated groups, with some highly resistant strains (MIC of >256 g/ml). In the control group, bla TEM gene quantities fluctuated between 10 4 and 10 6 copies/g of feces, whereas they fluctuated between 10 6 to 10 8 and 10 7 to 10 9 copies/g of feces for the intramuscular and oral routes, respectively. Whereas phenotypic evaluations did not discriminate among the three ampicillin dosage regimens, bla TEM gene quantification was able to differentiate between the effects of two routes of ampicillin administration. Our results suggest that fecal bla TEM gene quantification provides a sensitive tool to evaluate the impact of ampicillin administration on the selection of ampicillin resistance in the digestive microflora and its dissemination in the environment.The major mechanism of resistance to ␤-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria results from the production of ␤-lactamases. Most of these are coded by the plasmid-mediated bla TEM-1 gene (19,28). The continuous introduction of new ␤-lactam antibiotics with different activity spectra in human medicine has led to the selection of ␤-lactamase mutations, which confer resistance to the newly developed ␤-lactam antibiotics (25). ␤-Lactam antibiotics are also used in veterinary medicine, where they contribute to the selective pressure that leads to the emergence and diffusion of intestinal bacteria harboring resistance genes. Thus, commensal bacteria in the gut form a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes potentially transmissible to humans via the food chain and the environment (27,29,34).Antimicrobial resistance in food animals deserves special attention. One of the most heavily medicated sectors is pig farming, with worldwide antibiotic consumption in pigs accounting for 60% of the antibiotics used in animals (10). A relationship has been demonstrated between the high use of antimicrobials in pig herds and the increased occurrence of resistant bacterial strains in their digestive tracts (4,13,34,37). When antibiotics are administered to pigs, both the level and time development of antibiotic exposure of the intestinal microflora are dependen...

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Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive tract: bioavailability and in situ efficacy of ampicillin in the pig caecum

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Ampicillin Inactivation in the Caecum of Axenic, Gnotoxenic and Conventional Lambs: Interaction with Resistant or Sensitive Escherichia coli

Ampicillin Inactivation in the Caecum of Axenic, Gnotoxenic and Conventional Lambs: Interaction with Resistant or Sensitive Escherichia coli

Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive tract: bioavailability and in situ activity of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin and gentamicin in the pig caecum

Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla _TEM Genes in Swine Feces

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Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive tract: bioavailability and in situ efficacy of ampicillin in the pig caecum

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Ampicillin Inactivation in the Caecum of Axenic, Gnotoxenic and Conventional Lambs: Interaction with Resistant or Sensitive Escherichia coli

Ampicillin Inactivation in the Caecum of Axenic, Gnotoxenic and Conventional Lambs: Interaction with Resistant or Sensitive Escherichia coli

Small filter membrane bags for the study of antibiotic action in the digestive tract: bioavailability and in situ activity of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin and gentamicin in the pig caecum

Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla TEM Genes in Swine Feces

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Impact of Three Ampicillin Dosage Regimens on Selection of Ampicillin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Excretion of bla _TEM Genes in Swine Feces