Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Development, Diagnosis, and Possible Therapeutic Application of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy of hepatocytes accounting for 75-85% of primary hepatic carcinoma cases. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), previously known as exosomes with a diameter of 30-200 nm, can transport a variety of biological molecules between cells, and have been proposed to function in physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have indicated that the cargos of sEVs are implicated in intercellular crosstalk among HCC cells, paratumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. sEV-encapsulated substances (including DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids) regulate signal transduction pathways in recipient cells and contribute to cancer initiation and progression in HCC. In addition, the differential expression of sEV cargos between patients facilitates the potential utility of sEVs in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HCC. Furthermore, the intrinsic properties of low immunogenicity and high stability render sEVs ideal vehicles for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of HCC. The present review article summarizes the carcinogenic and anti-neoplastic capacities of sEVs and discusses the potential and prospective diagnostic and therapeutic applications of sEVs in HCC.

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“…The processes of formation, secretion and uptake of exosomes are depicted in Fig. 2, as reported in a previous study by the authors (27).…”

Section: Biology Of Sevsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Roles of small extracellular vesicles in the development, diagnosis and possible treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Int J Oncol

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“…Thus, exosomes may be more predictive and prospective. Third, the composition of exosomes is highly homologous to secretory cells, which may promote higher specificity of exosome-based detection[ 101 ]. These features are essential for early diagnosis, disease progression detection, and recurrence detection of PC, which are also guidelines for research on exosomes as biomarkers.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Exosomes In Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions and clinical applications of exosomes in pancreatic cancer

et al. 2022

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors and has an abysmal prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 11%. At present, the main clinical dilemmas in PC are the lack of biomarkers and the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. The treatments for and outcomes of PC have improved, but remain unsatisfactory. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles, and an increasing number of studies have found that exosomes play an essential role in tumor pathology. In this review, we describe the process of exosome biogenesis, as well as exosome extraction methods and identification strategies, and we then explain in detail the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance and immunosuppression in PC. Finally, we summarize the clinical applications of exosomes. Our observations indicate that exosomes represent a novel direction in the clinical treatment of PC.

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“…Median OS was 48.8 mo for PET responders and 27.4 mo for PET non-responders. Among patients who did not respond to induction chemotherapy, 18% in the induction FOLFOX arm and 20% in the carboplatin/paclitaxel arm achieved pCR by switching to the alternative regimen during chemoradiation[ 68 , 75 , 76 ] . Remarkably, pCR rates in responders that received induction with FOLFOX reached 40.3%[ 76 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimodality treatment in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers: Current approach and future perspectives

Charalampakis¹,

Tsakatikas²,

Schizas³

et al. 2022

WJGO

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Gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers represent an aggressive group of malignancies with poor prognosis even when diagnosed in relatively early stage, with an increasing incidence both in Asia and in Western countries. These cancers are characterized by heterogeneity as a result of different pathogenetic mechanisms as shown in recent molecular analyses. Accordingly, the understanding of phenotypic and genotypic correlations/classifications has been improved. Current therapeutic strategies have also advanced and moved beyond surgical extirpation alone, with the incorporation of other treatment modalities, such as radiation and chemotherapy (including biologics). Chemoradiotherapy has been used as postoperative treatment after suboptimal gastrectomy to ensure local disease control but also improvement in survival. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy/chemotherapy has been employed to increase the chance of a successful R0 resection and pathologic complete response rate, which is associated with improved long-term outcomes. Several studies have defined various chemotherapy regimens to accompany radiation (before and after surgery). Recently, addition of immunotherapy after trimodality of gastroesophageal cancer has produced an advantage in disease-free interval. Targeted agents used in the metastatic setting are being investigated in the early setting with mixed results. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data on trimodality approaches for gastric and GEJ cancers, highlight the remaining questions and present the current research effort addressing them.

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Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Development, Diagnosis, and Possible Therapeutic Application of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 14 publications

References 151 publications

Roles of small extracellular vesicles in the development, diagnosis and possible treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)

Roles of small extracellular vesicles in the development, diagnosis and possible treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)

Functions and clinical applications of exosomes in pancreatic cancer

Trimodality treatment in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers: Current approach and future perspectives

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