Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles as a Predictor of the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Men

Lamarche, Benoı̂t; Tchernof, André; Moorjani, Sital; Cantin, Bernard; Dagenais, G. R.; Lupien, P. J.; Després, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.1.69

Cited by 990 publications

(588 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The predominance of small dense LDL (sdLDL) was reported to be particularly atherogenic. This observation has been confirmed in prospective studies (Gardner et al, 1996;Stampfer et al, 1996;Lamarche et al, 1997). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association: their low affinity to the LDL receptor, low resistance to oxidative stress, prolonged plasma half-life, high binding affinity to surface components in the vessel wall and efficient penetration into the intima (Chait et al, 1993;Chapman et al, 1998;Brewer, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

et al. 2005

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Background: The importance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol in coronary heart disease has been demonstrated in many studies. Body fat accumulation, especially abdominal adiposity, is one of the important factors modifying the expression of sdLDL in adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sdLDL in obese children, and to investigate its relationship with anthropometric and metabolic variables. Subjects: A total of 30 obese children (22 males, 8 females) aged 12.670.6 years (mean7s.e.), who presented to our outpatient clinic with obesity. Methods: LDL peak particle diameter was determined using gel electrophoresis. LDL subclasses were classified into sdLDL (pattern B; diametero25.5 nm) and non-sdLDL (pattern A; diameterX25.5 nm). Anthropometric and metabolic variables were also determined to identify factors modifying LDL particle size. Results: sdLDL was detected in 11 children (40.0%). In children with sdLDL, waist/height ratio was significantly higher (P ¼ 0.0466), and they had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) (P ¼ 0.0035) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels (P ¼ 0.036). Peak LDL diameter as a continuous variable was significantly correlated with HDLC and TG levels. In multiple regression analysis, body mass index and waist/height ratio were significant determinants of the peak LDL diameter variability. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of sdLDL in obese children, and a relationship of peak LDL diameter with abdominal fat accumulation, HDLC and TG levels. The presence of sdLDL might be an important risk factor for the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

et al. 2005

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“…But many studies have shown that factors other than total cholesterol and LDL-C must be considered when evaluating coronary artery disease (CAD) risks [12]. Recent studies have shown that the size of LDL particle is more important as compared to LDL-C concentration in atherogenesis [13,14]. In routine clinical practice estimation of LDL particle size is not applicable due to complicated methodology [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between Serum hsCRP and LDL Cholesterol for Search of a Better Predictor for Ischemic Heart Disease

Datta¹,

Iqbal²,

Prasad³

2011

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Acute myocardial Infarction is one of the major causes of morbidity & mortality in world and atherosclerosis is the major cause of ischemic heart disease. In order to determine the better clinical marker of atherosclerosis, we estimated serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Hundred patients of myocardial infarction and 100 controls irrespective of age and sex were studied for these parameters over a period of 2 years. The statistical analysis showed that the serum hsCRP was significantly raised in myocardial infarction cases than controls (P \ 0.01) but LDL-C was not (P [ 0.05). We conclude that the serum hsCRP has better predictive value for risk of atherosclerosis.

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“…A several set of observations witnesses that the reduced LDL size is linked to the increased risk of CHD [116,117,118,119]. Both LDL size and the number of particles seems to increase synergistically the risk of CHD [120,121].…”

Section: Why Is Small Dense Ldl Highly Atherogenic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice*

2003

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The recognition that the increase of plasma triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs) is associated with multiple alterations of other lipoproteins species that are potentially atherogenic has expanded the picture of diabetic dyslipidaemia. The discovery of heterogeneity within major lipoprotein classes VLDL, LDL and HDL opened new avenues to reveal the specific pertubations of diabetic dyslipidaemia. The increase of large VLDL 1 particles in Type 2 diabetes initiates a sequence of events that generates atherogenic remnants, small dense LDL and small dense HDL particles. Together these components comprise the atherogenic lipid triad. Notably the malignant nature of diabetic dyslipidaemia is not completely shown by the lipid measures used in clinical practice. The key question is what are the mechanisms behind the increase of VLDL 1 particles in diabetic dyslipidaemia? Despite the advances of recent years, our understanding of VLDL assembly and secretion is still surprisingly incomplete. To date it is still unclear how the liver is able to regulate the amount of triglycerides incorporated into VLDL particles to produce either VLDL 1 or VLDL 2 particles. The current evidence suggests that the machinery driving VLDL assembly in the liver includes (i) low insulin signalling via PI-3 kinase pathway that enhances lipid accumulation into "nascent" VLDL particles (ii) up-regulation of SREBP-1C that stimulates de novo lipogenesis and (iii) excess availability of "polar molecules" in hepatocytes that stabilizes apo B 100. Recent data suggest that all these steps could be fundamentally altered in Type 2 diabetes explaining the overproduction of VLDL apo B as well as the ability of insulin to suppress VLDL 1 apo B production in Type 2 diabetes.Recent discoveries have established the transcription factors including PPARs, SREBP-1 and LXRs as the key regulators of lipid assembly in the liver. These observations suggest these factors as a new target to tailor more efficient drugs to treat diabetic dyslipidaemia. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:733-749]

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Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles as a Predictor of the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Men

Cited by 990 publications

References 36 publications

LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

Comparison Between Serum hsCRP and LDL Cholesterol for Search of a Better Predictor for Ischemic Heart Disease

Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice*

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