Small,dense LDL and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) in Metabolic Syndrome with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Aim:To clarify the clinical significance of small,dense LDL (sLDL) in the metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes. Methods: One hundred and ten healthy non-diabetic and non-metabolic syndrome subjects (58 male / 52 female), 77 non-metabolic diabetic subjects (62/15), 58 non-diabetic metabolic subjects (25/33), and 46 metabolic diabetic subjects (29/17) were enrolled in this study. Results:The subjects with metabolic syndrome (both with and without type 2 diabetes) had significantly higher fasting blood glucose, total-cholesterol (C), LDL-C, triglyceride, sLDL-C and hs-CRP levels than non-metabolic and non-diabetic subjects. HDL-C levels were significantly decreased in the former compared to the latter. Among the metabolic syndrome subjects, those with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and hs-CRP values than those without diabetes. sLDL-C, LDL-C and hs-CRP were the highest and HDL-C was lowest in the metabolic syndrome with diabetes group. A multiple regression analysis revealed the most significant determinant of sLDL-C to be LDL-C, followed by HDL-C, total-C, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and triglyceride. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a significant determinant of the plasma sLDL-C level. Hs-CRP was the highest in the metabolic syndrome patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, type 2 diabetes may further increase the risk of coronary artery disease in the metabolic syndrome subjects through cardiovascular inflammation. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2010; 17:410-415.

Association between Six CETP Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome in Uyghur Adults from Xinjiang, China

“…Central obesity, elevated TG, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose are clinical symptoms of MS. Consistent with other studies [31], the levels of TC and LDL-C in the case group were higher than in the controls. Other studies [32] have shown that normal or slightly elevated LDL-C levels are characteristics of dyslipidemia among MS patients.…”

Increased Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and Decreased Homocysteine Thiolactonase/Paraoxonase (HTLase/PONase) activities are Related to the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Prediabetic/Diabetic Patients.

“…Recently, studies have focused on the inflammatory risk factors of prediabetes and type 2 DM [35,38,39]. These studies indicate that higher hs-CRP levels is associated with DM, metabolic syndrome or prediabetes [13,35,38,39]. In the present study, we could not found a significant difference in plasma CRP levels between the groups.…”

“…Studies show that subjects with the metabolic syndrome and/or DM have higher sLDL levels than controls [7,34,35]. In our study, we didn't find any significant difference in serum sLDL levels between the groups.…”

“…Although some not find any significant difference between groups. Recently, studies have focused on the inflammatory risk factors of prediabetes and type 2 DM [35,38,39]. These studies indicate that higher hs-CRP levels is associated with DM, metabolic syndrome or prediabetes [13,35,38,39].…”

Gestational Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome

“…Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown the independent relation between CRP and CHD (Ridker, 1997(Ridker, , 1998. Nakano et al, (2010) investigated the clinical significance of LDL and CRP in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk (Nakano et al, 2010). Among those without the metabolic syndrome, high CRP was not associated with a higher risk of CAD; however, those with both high CRP and metabolic syndrome had a doubling in their risk of CAD (Ridker et al, 2003;Sattar et al, 2003).…”