Gestational Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome

Souza, Leanne R. De; Ray, Joel G.; Retnakaran, Ravi

doi:10.5772/22119

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…In our study, obstetric risk factors such as fetal macrosomia, type of birth, time of birth, history of diabetes in a first degree relative, insulin use during pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and maternal age had no significant effect on the development of MetS, which is in agreement with literature [32]. The relationship between insulin use and T2DM development was probably not strong enough to be effective in the development of MetS, which is a cluster of several risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Risk factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome following gestational diabetes mellitus

Canbaz¹,

Ciftci²,

Yalin³

et al. 2021

Turk J Med Sci

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Aim: To determine risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 10 years after delivery. Methods: Medical records of patients with former GDM were screened. Eligible patients were invited to the hospital to obtain information about their present health status. Patients with pregestational diabetes and patients with multiple pregnancies were excluded. A total of 67 women formed the study group. American Diabetes Association (ADA) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to define T2DM and MetS, respectively. Results: A total of 27 patients developed diabetes (40.3%) and 35 patients (52%) developed MetS. T2DM developed, on average, 4.8 years after delivery. There was a significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in terms of insulin use during pregnancy (p<0.001). Women who developed diabetes within 10 years after delivery were observed to have significantly higher fasting plasma glucose on oral glucose tolerance test during their pregnancy (p=0.007). Current and pregestational body mass indices had a significant effect on the development of MetS (p=0.003 and p=0.027 respectively). Conclusion: We found in this long-term study that patients with high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin requirement during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing T2DM, while pregestational obesity is predictive of progression to MetS. Identifying and targeting high-risk individuals may delay and possibly prevent T2DM and MetS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Risk factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome following gestational diabetes mellitus

Canbaz¹,

Ciftci²,

Yalin³

et al. 2021

Turk J Med Sci

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“…Freeze-dried stem and leaf extracts of B. guianensis Aubl. (HESBg and HELBg) dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with dose selected from the toxicity assay and based on previous studies [11], concentration of 0.02% m/v; 0.9% saline solution (SS); 300 μg kappa carrageenan, solubilized in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2, 0.128 mg/mL); indomethacin 10 mg; 2.5% acetic acid [52]; morphine 2.5 mg; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); alcohol 70, 80, 90 and 100%; 100% xylol; paraffin; hematoxylin and eosin dyes [4,11,27]. The reagents used were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, Millstone, USA).…”

Section: Drugs and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animals remained in an adaptation period (40 days), circadian cycle of 12 hours (light from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.), temperature 23 ± 2 °C, and feeding twice a day with commercial flake feed (Alcon Colors, Santa Catarina, Brazil). The aquariums were monitored under ideal conditions (pH 6.0-8.0; conductivity 8.2 ± 0.2; daily cleaning of the recirculation water system) [27,28]. The experiments followed the rules established for the care of animals, approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use-CEUA-UNIFAP with protocol number 007/2020.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the small size, associated with the low body weight of the adult Danio rerio, allows the use of reduced amounts of the compound tested, due to the calculation of the dose, being considered an advantageous and relevant model for the screening of new anti-inflammatory substances [25,27]. This is because it is possible to assess behavioral and tissue alterations, edema formation, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the exudate, mediators, signaling pathways, gene expression, production of specific proteins [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Bauhinia guianensis Aubl. In Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Koga,

De Souza,

Sales

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The leaves and stems of Bauhinia guianensis Aubl. are used in traditional Amazonian phytotherapy for the treatment of pain and inflammation. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroethanolic extracts from B. guianensis Aubl. leaves and stems (HELBg and HESBg, respectively) in in vivo models of inflammation and hyperalgesia. Danio rerio experimental animals were submitted to the acute inflammation test, induced by intraperitoneal (ip.) administration of carrageenan 20 μg / animal (abdominal edema), the groups were previously treated orally with saline solution 2 μl / animal (SS), Dimethyl sulfoxide 2 μl / animal (DMSO), Indomethacin 10 mg/kg, HELBg 100 mg/kg and HESBg 100 mg/kg, n = 12 per experimental group, to evaluate inhibition of edema and alterations histopathology of the liver, intestine and kidney of these animals. The antinociceptive effect was observed from the body curvature index and the behavioral responses of Danio rerio, after an experimental protocol for the induction of hyperalgesia, by ip. administration of 10 μl / animal of 2.5% acetic acid, the animals were previously orally treated with saline solution 2 μl/animal (SS), dimethyl sulfoxide 2 μl/animal (DMSO), morphine 2.5 mg/kg, HELBg 100 mg/kg and HESBg 100 mg/kg, n = 5 per experimental group. In carrageenan-induced edema, the group treated with HESBg inhibited edema formation over the 3 hours of the experiment. Maximum edema was inhibited by 54% (p &lt; 0.05) when compared to the control group. Both HELBg and HESBg prevented body curvature index changes (t (df = 3 8) =, 6.96 and t (df = 3, 8) = 6.61, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0001). In the behavioral parameters sensitive to antinociceptive pharmacological modulation, due to the abdominal constriction induced by acetic acid, the administration of HELBg and HESBg resulted in an improvement in swimming activity, by increasing the distance covered (F (df = 3, 16) = 6.50 and F (df = 3, 16) = 7.72, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0001), decrease in freezing time (F (df = 3, 16) = 2.04 and F (df = 3, 16) = 1.28, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0059), increase in the number of ascents to the upper area of the tank (F (df = 3, 16) = 33.02 and F (df = 3, 16) = 35.62, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0009 ) and decreased time spent in that area (F (df = 3, 16) = 101.19 and F (df = 3, 16) = 103.59, respectively, both p &lt; 0.0038). It is reasonable to suppose that both extracts modulated the variations induced by carrageenan and acetic acid through the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators and the sensitization of peripheral nociceptors and, consequently, the perception of pain. These results suggest that HELBg and HESBg have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, probably of peripheral origin and linked to the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.

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“…[25,26] Furthermore, ~50% of women with GDM will develop T2D within 10 years, [27] while evidence increasingly shows that women with GDM have a 56% higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease [28] and an increasing risk of metabolic syndrome later in life. [29] GDM is associated with an abnormal intrauterine environment that negatively affects the long-term health of offspring, possibly through epigenetic changes. It is estimated that children born to mothers with GDM have an 8-fold increased risk of developing T2D and prediabetes compared with children born to mothers with normoglycaemic pregnancies.…”

Section: Hiv and Gestational Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa

2019

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, [1] is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for mothers and infants worldwide. Globally, ~16.2% (21.3 million) of live births are associated with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, of which 86.4% are due to GDM, 6.2% to pre-existing type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 7.4% to T1D and T2D first detected during pregnancy. [2] The prevalence of GDM is rapidly increasing worldwide, possibly owing to advanced child-bearing age and obesity. This is particularly concerning, as South African (SA) women are considered among the most overweight globally. [3] GDM is associated with maternal (pre-eclampsia, increase in caesarean deliveries, birth trauma), fetal (macrosomia, hypoglycaemia, shoulder dystocia) and perinatal (respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, metabolic derangements) complications, while mothers and their offspring are at risk of developing obesity, T2D and other metabolic conditions later in life. GDM thus poses a threat to maternal and child well-being, while its impact on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is undeniable. This review provides an update of GDM in SA, focusing on risk factors and prevalence. Furthermore, we highlight recommendations for future research. This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

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Gestational Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 137 publications

Risk factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome following gestational diabetes mellitus

Risk factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome following gestational diabetes mellitus

Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Bauhinia guianensis Aubl. In Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Prevalence of and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa

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