Small Colony Variant of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71 Presenting as a Sticky Phenotype

Savini, Vincenzo; Carretto, Edoardo; Polilli, Ennio; Marrollo, Roberta; Santarone, Stella; Fazii, Paolo; D’Antonio, Domenico; Rossano, Alexandra; Perreten, Vincent

doi:10.1128/jcm.02861-13

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…aureus, and details are given in the following sections. Concerning other coagulase-positive species, known to be primarily animal associated, a human-derived mecA-positive S. pseudintermedius SCV isolate was recently described (18). Unusually for the staphylococcal SCV phenotype, this stable SCV was strongly adherent to solid agar media, similar to sticky colonies formed by Rothia mucilaginosa (Stomatococcus mucilaginosus).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Clinical Scvs In Staphylococcal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical Significance and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants in Persistent Infections

2016

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SUMMARYSmall colony variants (SCVs) were first described more than 100 years ago forStaphylococcus aureusand various coagulase-negative staphylococci. Two decades ago, an association between chronic staphylococcal infections and the presence of SCVs was observed. Since then, many clinical studies and observations have been published which tie recurrent, persistent staphylococcal infections, including device-associated infections, bone and tissue infections, and airway infections of cystic fibrosis patients, to this special phenotype. By their intracellular lifestyle, SCVs exhibit so-called phenotypic (or functional) resistance beyond the classical resistance mechanisms, and they can often be retrieved from therapy-refractory courses of infection. In this review, the various clinical infections where SCVs can be expected and isolated, diagnostic procedures for optimized species confirmation, and the pathogenesis of SCVs, including defined underlying molecular mechanisms and the phenotype switch phenomenon, are presented. Moreover, relevant animal models and suggested treatment regimens, as well as the requirements for future research areas, are highlighted.

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Section: Occurrence Of Clinical Scvs In Staphylococcal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical Significance and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants in Persistent Infections

2016

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“…Studies that exclusively used dru typing ( n = 5) to characterize S. pseudintermedius strains were not included. These steps yielded 58 studies (Figure 1 ), including 49 studies on MRSP (with or without MSSP; Bannoehr et al, 2007 ; Descloux et al, 2008 ; Black et al, 2009 , 2011 ; Moodley et al, 2009 , 2013 ; Kadlec et al, 2010 , 2015 , 2016 ; Perreten et al, 2010 , 2013 ; Ruscher et al, 2010 ; Stegmann et al, 2010 ; Boost et al, 2011 ; Gómez-Sanz et al, 2011 , 2013a , b , 2014 ; Laarhoven et al, 2011 ; Paul et al, 2011 ; DiCicco et al, 2012 , 2014 ; Feng et al, 2012 ; Osland et al, 2012 ; Walther et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Bardiau et al, 2013 ; Haenni et al, 2013 , 2014 ; Pilla et al, 2013 ; Quitoco et al, 2013 ; Solyman et al, 2013 ; Youn et al, 2013 ; Chanchaithong et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Couto et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Davis et al, 2014 ; Grönthal et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Savini et al, 2014 ; Starlander et al, 2014 ; Börjesson et al, 2015 ; Kjellman et al, 2015 ; McCarthy et al, 2015 ; Rota et al, 2015 ; Damborg et al, 2016 ; Duim et al, 2016 ; Ishihara et al, 2016 ) and 9 studies on MSSP only (Ben Zakour et al, 2011 ; Tse et al, 2011 ; Gharsa et al, 2013 , 2015 ; Matanovic et al, 2013 ; Paul et al, ...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although primarily adapted to the canine host, this coagulase-positive staphylococcal species may infect other pet animals, mainly cats (Kadlec et al, 2010 ), and humans (Van Hoovels et al, 2006 ). Over the last decade, multidrug-resistant strains have emerged worldwide (Black et al, 2009 ; Moodley et al, 2009 ; Kadlec et al, 2010 ; Perreten et al, 2010 , 2013 ; Ruscher et al, 2010 ; Gómez-Sanz et al, 2011 ; Laarhoven et al, 2011 ; Osland et al, 2012 ; Bardiau et al, 2013 ; Chanchaithong et al, 2014 ; Couto et al, 2014 ; Davis et al, 2014 ; Savini et al, 2014 ; Starlander et al, 2014 ; Grönthal et al, 2015 ; Kjellman et al, 2015 ; Rota et al, 2015 ; Ishihara et al, 2016 ), especially clones that have acquired the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette (SCC mec ) mobilizing the methicillin resistance gene mecA . Infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) can be difficult or even impossible to treat using veterinary licensed systemic antimicrobial agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review on Global Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Inference of Population Structure from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data

et al. 2016

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Background and rationale: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a major cause of infections in dogs, also posing a zoonotic risk to humans. This systematic review aimed to determine the global epidemiology of MRSP and provide new insights into the population structure of this important veterinary pathogen.Methodology: Web of Science was searched systematically for articles reporting data on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of S. pseudintermedius isolates from dogs or other animal or human patients and carriers. Data from the eligible studies were then integrated with data from the MLST database for this species. Analysis of MLST data was performed with eBURST and ClonalFrame, and the proportion of MRSP isolates resistant to selected antimicrobial drugs was determined for the most predominant clonal complexes.Results: Fifty-eight studies published over the last 10 years were included in the review. MRSP represented 76% of the 1428 isolates characterized by the current MLST scheme. The population of S. pseudintermedius was highly diverse and included five major MRSP clonal complexes (CCs). CC71, previously described as the epidemic European clone, is now widespread worldwide. In Europe, CC258, which is more frequently susceptible to enrofloxacin and aminoglycosides, and more frequently resistant to sulphonamides/trimethoprim than CC71, is increasingly reported in various countries. CC68, previously described as the epidemic North American clone, is frequently reported in this region but also in Europe, while CC45 (associated with chloramphenicol resistance) and CC112 are prevalent in Asia. It was estimated that clonal diversification in this species is primarily driven by homologous recombination (r/m = 7.52).Conclusion: This study provides evidence that S. pseudintermedius has an epidemic population structure, in which five successful MRSP lineages with specific traits regarding antimicrobial resistance, genetic diversity and geographical distribution have emerged upon a weakly clonal background through acquisition of SCCmec and other mobile genetic elements.

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“…Staphylococci and other microorganisms are capable of forming a distinct phenotype referred to as the small-colony-variant (SCV) phenotype [ 1 , 2 ]. Most of the case reports and clinical studies on SCVs, as well as in vitro investigations, refer to Staphylococcus aureus ; however, SCVs belonging to other staphylococcal species have also been recovered from clinical specimens including S. argenteus [ 3 ], S. capitis [ 4 ], S. epidermidis [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], S. lugdunensis [ 7 , 8 ], S. pseudintermedius [ 9 ] and S. warneri [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection, Identification and Diagnostic Characterization of the Staphylococcal Small Colony-Variant (SCV) Phenotype

Becker

2023

Antibiotics

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While modern molecular methods have decisively accelerated and improved microbiological diagnostics, phenotypic variants still pose a challenge for their detection, identification and characterization. This particularly applies if they are unstable and hard to detect, which is the case for the small-colony-variant (SCV) phenotype formed by staphylococci. On solid agar media, staphylococcal SCVs are characterized by tiny colonies with deviant colony morphology. Their reduced growth rate and fundamental metabolic changes are the result of their adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle, regularly leading to specific auxotrophies, such as for menadione, hemin or thymidine. These alterations make SCVs difficult to recognize and render physiological, biochemical and other growth-based methods such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing unreliable or unusable. Therefore, diagnostic procedures require prolonged incubation times and, if possible, confirmation by molecular methods. A special approach is needed for auxotrophy testing. However, standardized protocols for SCV diagnostics are missing. If available, SCVs and their putative parental isolates should be genotyped to determine clonality. Since their detection has significant implications for the treatment of the infection, which is usually chronic and relapsing, SCV findings should be specifically reported, commented on, and managed in close collaboration with the microbiological laboratory and the involved clinicians.

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Small Colony Variant of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71 Presenting as a Sticky Phenotype

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Clinical Significance and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants in Persistent Infections

Clinical Significance and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants in Persistent Infections

Systematic Review on Global Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Inference of Population Structure from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data

Detection, Identification and Diagnostic Characterization of the Staphylococcal Small Colony-Variant (SCV) Phenotype

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