Systematic Review on Global Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Inference of Population Structure from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data

Abstract

Background and rationale: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a major cause of infections in dogs, also posing a zoonotic risk to humans. This systematic review aimed to determine the global epidemiology of MRSP and provide new insights into the population structure of this important veterinary pathogen.Methodology: Web of Science was searched systematically for articles reporting data on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of S. pseudintermedius isolates from dogs or other animal or human patients and carriers. Data from the eligible studies were then integrated with data from the MLST database for this species. Analysis of MLST data was performed with eBURST and ClonalFrame, and the proportion of MRSP isolates resistant to selected antimicrobial drugs was determined for the most predominant clonal complexes.Results: Fifty-eight studies published over the last 10 years were included in the review. MRSP represented 76% of the 1428 isolates characterized by the current MLST scheme. The population of S. pseudintermedius was highly diverse and included five major MRSP clonal complexes (CCs). CC71, previously described as the epidemic European clone, is now widespread worldwide. In Europe, CC258, which is more frequently susceptible to enrofloxacin and aminoglycosides, and more frequently resistant to sulphonamides/trimethoprim than CC71, is increasingly reported in various countries. CC68, previously described as the epidemic North American clone, is frequently reported in this region but also in Europe, while CC45 (associated with chloramphenicol resistance) and CC112 are prevalent in Asia. It was estimated that clonal diversification in this species is primarily driven by homologous recombination (r/m = 7.52).Conclusion: This study provides evidence that S. pseudintermedius has an epidemic population structure, in which five successful MRSP lineages with specific traits regarding antimicrobial resistance, genetic diversity and geographical distribution have emerged upon a weakly clonal background through acquisition of SCCmec and other mobile genetic elements.

Investigation on Antibiotic-Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in Multi Drug Resistant and Non Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

“…ST 71 was highly resistant to antibiotics, showing multiple resistances against commonly veterinary-licensed antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines). On the other hand, ST 258 was reported to be more frequently susceptible to antibiotics (e.g., enrofloxacin, gentamicin) [43,44].…”

Antibiotic Resistance Of Bacteria A Growing Threat For Animals And Public Health

“…Furthermore, approximately 80% of the strains do not show any sensitivity to trimethoprim + sufonamide. Similarly to CC71, it is sensitive to amikacin (approximately 2% of resistant strains) [42]. Currently, a greater diversity in the occurrence of MRSP clonal complexes in a given area of the world can be observed and similarly to the USA, both CC68 and CC71, as well as CC84 are found.…”

“…Currently, a greater diversity in the occurrence of MRSP clonal complexes in a given area of the world can be observed and similarly to the USA, both CC68 and CC71, as well as CC84 are found. However, different profiles of antibiotic resistance of the strains of a given clonal complex found on different continents are noticed [11,42,60,68]. In Poland, the research conducted by Kizerwetter-Świda et al demonstrated that among the MRSP, ST71 strains with type II-III SCCmec dominated up to 2015.…”

“…Około 80% szczepów nie wykazuje również wrażliwości na trimetoprim + sufonamid. Podobnie, jak CC71 wykazuje wrażliwość na amikacynę (około 2% szczepów opornych) [42]. Aktualnie obserwuje się większą różnorodność w występowaniu w danym obszarze świata kompleksów klonalnych MRSP i tak w USA stwierdza się występowanie zarówno CC68, jak i CC71 oraz CC84.…”

“…Aktualnie obserwuje się większą różnorodność w występowaniu w danym obszarze świata kompleksów klonalnych MRSP i tak w USA stwierdza się występowanie zarówno CC68, jak i CC71 oraz CC84. Zauważa się jednakże odmienne profile antybiotykooporności szczepów danego kompleksu klonalnego stwierdzanych na różnych kontynentach [11,42,60,68]. W Polsce, w badaniach przeprowadzonych przez Kizerwetter-Świdę i wsp.…”