Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Weprin, Samuel; Yonover, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.eucr.2016.10.010

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…With respect to metastasis prostate SCC, chemotherapy is regarded as the backbone; with other treatments such as androgen deprivation treatment (ADT), radiation, and AURKA inhibitors being debated. 1,21 For example, radiation is usually combined with chemotherapy, or serve as local palliative care for patients with severe obstructive symptoms or when there are no other treatment options available in the advanced stage. 22 While hormone deprivation therapy is regarded as a treatment for prostate SCC mixed with adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trend of worsening prognosis of prostate small cell carcinoma: A population‐based study

et al. 2019

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Objective To determine the accurate age‐adjusted incidence of prostate small cell carcinoma (SCC), update the clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as survival data of prostate SCC from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) datasets. Methods A total of 260 patients with prostate SCC were selected from the SEER database of the National Cancer Institute between 2004 and 2015. Age‐adjusted incidence (AAI) rates, the observed and relative survival rates were evaluated over time by the SEER*Stat Software version 8.3.5. Overall survival (OS) rates that stratified by summary stage and treatment effects were evaluated by Kaplan‐Meier method. The significant differences were assessed in a log‐rank test. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regression analysis were performed to determine independent predictors of OS. Results The incidence of prostate SCC has increased over time. The average age of prostate SCC patients was 70.25 years. More than 90% of tumors were poorly differentiated or undifferentiated. The majority of prostate SCC (77.7%) was at stage IV. 49% of patients had lymph node metastases and 68% of patients presented distant metastases (Compared with 60.5% of patients with distant metastases between 1973‐2003). Interestingly only 23.5% patients had high level PSA (>10 ng/mL). 58.8% of patients underwent chemotherapy, 25.4% of patients were treated by surgery, and 31.9% of patients were treated by radiotherapy. The observed survival rates of 1‐year, 2‐year, and 5‐year were 42.1%, 22.1%, and 12.5%, respectively (Compared with 47.9%, 27.5%, and 14.3%, respectively, between 1973 and 2003). Chemotherapy prolonged the OS of patients with regional (distant) metastases from 3 months (2 months) to 12 months (9 months). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed age, race, and stage were independent prognostic factors for prostate SCC patients. Conclusion Prostate SCC is a highly malignant cancer and our analysis of recent data has shown its incidence is increasing. Incidence rate of metastatic prostate SCC has increased and the survival rates have worsened in recent years. However, chemotherapy shows some survival benefit for prostate SCC patients with regional and distant metastasis over other treatment methods. Further work is needed to understand the reason prognosis of this type prostate cancer is worsening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trend of worsening prognosis of prostate small cell carcinoma: A population‐based study

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, morphology and immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers is necessary for diagnosis of SCCP. These markers including CD56, CgA, and Synaptophysin are highly specific for SCCP [23]. Besides, immunohistochemical staining against PSA, androgen receptor, PAP, and p504s, P63, CK3βE12p are also needed to confirm the presence of adenocarcinoma, because the distinction between pure SCCP and mixed small cell/adenocarcinoma cancer is of great significance for the choice of treatment modalities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, according to our univariate analysis, radiotherapy is not an independent predictor of survival. Although ADT is not recommended for the treatment of pure SCCP, as SCCP usually presents concomitantly with adenocarcinoma, it is reasonable to use ADT as an adjunct to the initial therapeutic regimen for some patients with SCCP [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure Small Cell Carcinoma of Prostate: A Report of 8 Cases

Zhang¹,

Ouyang²,

Sun³

et al. 2018

Urol Int

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Purpose: To describe characteristics of pure small cell carcinoma of prostate (SCCP) and assess the prognostic factors. Patients and Methods: We summarized data of pure SCCP from published studies and ours and made Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression to evaluate prognosis factors. Results: A total of 2,213 patients with prostate cancer was identified, of which eight (0.36%) patients were pure SCCP. The mean age at diagnosis was 61 years old. And there were 2 patients diagnosed at 34 and 50 years old respectively. Symptoms of these patients were similar to patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Serum prostate specific antigen of 7 patients was at normal level. Five patients received chemotherapy, average overall survival (OS) was 9.75 months; 3 only received conservative treatment, average OS was 4 months. By univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, chemotherapy is an independent predictor of survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that chemotherapy was associated with longer OS. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics, examination and treatment strategy of pure SCCP are very different from prostate adenocarcinoma. According to the data from published studies and from our studies, the average survival of patients receiving chemotherapy is longer than those who received other treatment modalities.

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“…The rarity of primary NEPC means that most available studies to date have been case reports. [7][8][9][10][11] Zaffuto et al 12 Although the difference between the median survival times was statistically significant, this did not translate into a notable clinical difference. Most T-SCNCs present initially as prostate adenocarcinomas, which then undergo neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rarity of primary NEPC means that most available studies to date have been case reports . Zaffuto et al and Alanee et al explored the differences in prognostic and clinical data between patients with the small‐cell carcinoma (SCC) subtype of NEPC and those with non‐SCC NEPC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐serum prostate‐specific antigen level predicts poor outcomes in patients with primary neuroendocrine prostate cancer

Wang

Abudurexiti

et al. 2019

The Prostate

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Background The rarities of primary neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and primary adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (NE differentiation) mean that their clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Materials and Methods A total of 449 patients with NEPC, including 352 cases of pure NEPC and 97 cases of NE differentiation, together with 408 629 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma at diagnosis were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (2010‐2015). Clinical parameters and prognoses were compared between patients with different histological types of NEPC using the χ2 test and Kaplan‐Meier analysis, respectively. The prognostic value of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in NEPC and adenocarcinoma was evaluated using Cox regression and the Kaplan‐Meier method. Results Pure NEPC had higher rates of visceral metastases (brain, lung, and liver: 4.58%, 26.72%, and 36.64%, respectively) but a lower rate of bone metastasis (65.65%) compared with NE differentiation and prostate adenocarcinoma. Moreover, patients diagnosed with pure NEPC had a poorer outcome (median survival time: 10 months) compared with patients with NE differentiation (26 months) and prostate adenocarcinoma (median survival time not reached). Using PSA 4.1 to 10 ng/mL as the reference, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for PSA lower than or equal to 4.0 ng/mL were 2.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11‐4.55, P = .025) in the NE differentiation group and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.11‐2.23, P = .011) in the pure NEPC group. Conclusions Patients with NE differentiation had different clinical characteristics and a better prognosis than patients with pure NEPC. In addition, low‐serum PSA levels were associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with either NEPC or NE differentiation.

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Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Abstract: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate (SCCP) is a rare disorder. We present here a case of SCCP exhibiting multiple unique clinical findings, demonstrating the variability of SCCP at presentation.

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Current trend of worsening prognosis of prostate small cell carcinoma: A population‐based study

Current trend of worsening prognosis of prostate small cell carcinoma: A population‐based study

Pure Small Cell Carcinoma of Prostate: A Report of 8 Cases

Low‐serum prostate‐specific antigen level predicts poor outcomes in patients with primary neuroendocrine prostate cancer

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