Small animal simultaneous PET/MRI: initial experiences in a 9.4 T microMRI

Maramraju, Sri Harsha; Smith, Shane; Junnarkar, S.; Schulz, Daniela; Stoll, S. P.; Ravindranath, Bosky; Purschke, M. L.; Rescia, S.; Southekal, Sudeepti; Pratte, J.‐F.; Vaska, P.; Woody, C. L.; Schlyer, David

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/8/009

Cited by 99 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Many preclinical imaging sites around the world perform PET/MR imaging studies, but only a small number are simultaneous or from integrated systems. Until now, preclinical PET/MR imaging has mainly operated at a proofof-concept level (2,12,13), but first studies showing the value of combined acquisitions have been published (7,9).…”

Section: Preclinical Pet/mr Imaging In Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preclinical PET/MR imaging hardware for small-animal studies has advanced (2)(3)(4)12,22,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Although most preclinical PET/MR imaging systems are designed for imaging mice, there is significant interest in cardiac research using rats, especially the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of hypertensive left ventricle hypertrophy.…”

Section: Cardiac Pet/mr Imaging Current State Of Cardiac Pet/mr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preclinical and Translational PET/MR Imaging

et al. 2014

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Combined PET and MR imaging (PET/MR imaging) has progressed tremendously in recent years. The focus of current research has shifted from technologic challenges to the application of this new multimodal imaging technology in the areas of oncology, cardiology, neurology, and infectious diseases. This article reviews studies in preclinical and clinical translation. The common theme of these initial results is the complementary nature of combined PET/MR imaging that often provides additional insights into biologic systems that were not clearly feasible with just one modality alone. However, in vivo findings require ex vivo validation. Combined PET/MR imaging also triggers a multitude of new developments in image analysis that are aimed at merging and using multimodal information that ranges from better tumor characterization to analysis of metabolic brain networks. The combination of connectomics information that maps brain networks derived from multiparametric MR data with metabolic information from PET can even lead to the formation of a new research field that we would call cometomics that would map functional and metabolic brain networks. These new methodologic developments also call for more multidisciplinarity in the field of molecular imaging, in which close interaction and training among clinicians and a variety of scientists is needed. Mol ecular imaging of small animals for biomedical research is an emerging field (1). It penetrates successfully into areas that are historically dominated by ex vivo molecular biology methods and therefore bears an enormous potential. Exploiting the full range of options of noninvasive visualization and quantification of metabolism, disease-specific dysfunction, therapy response, and cell trafficking requires that specific biomarkers yield information about molecular and functional processes as well as morphologic details. Single-modality imaging, such as stand-alone PET, SPECT, MR imaging, CT, or ultrasound, is often unable to provide the desired comprehensive information. Dedicated small-animal PET/CT and SPECT/CT scanners have been well received in the biomedical imaging sciences and have set the stage for a new combined imaging modality, PET/MR imaging, which has been introduced and successfully applied in biomedical studies (2,3). PET and MR imaging are both distinct modalities offering great versatility for advanced imaging applications in various fields of biomedicine. The combination of these two modalities into a single device merges functional and morphologic information from MR imaging with molecular PET data. The strength of PET lies in its high detection sensitivity and accurate quantification, but PET lacks good spatial resolution and tissue contrast. MR imaging, however, enables highresolution imaging of morphology with good soft-tissue contrast, detects endogenous metabolite distributions using spectroscopy, and allows dynamic acquisition of tissue perfusion and additional functional parameters (4).Thus, PET/MR imaging paves the way for noninvasive imaging to...

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Section: Preclinical Pet/mr Imaging In Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiac Pet/mr Imaging Current State Of Cardiac Pet/mr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical and Translational PET/MR Imaging

et al. 2014

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“…Further improvements, mainly initiated by the advent of avalanche photodiodes allowed the operation of magnetic field insensitive PET detectors inside the MRI bore [172]. Sequential [95,146] or combined use of PET and MRI [31,97] has been reported to study various issues on the mouse models of cardiovascular diseases at HF. In light of this success, manufacturers will probably propose more automated tools for combined PET/MRI imaging in the near future.…”

Section: Multimodal Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High field magnetic resonance imaging of rodents in cardiovascular research

et al. 2016

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Transgenic and gene knockout rodent models are primordial to study pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular research. Over time, cardiac MRI has become a gold standard for in vivo evaluation of such models. Technical advances have led to the development of magnets with increasingly high field strength, allowing specific investigation of cardiac anatomy, global and regional function, viability, perfusion or vascular parameters. The aim of this report is to provide a review of the various sequences and techniques available to image mice on 7-11.7 T magnets and relevant to the clinical setting in humans. Specific technical aspects due to the rise of the magnetic field are also discussed.

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“…PET images have been acquired at different magnetic field strengths, from the 0.15-T permanent magnet setup used by Yamamoto et al (25) to the 9.4-T systems for preclinical (26) and clinical applications (27). Hybrid systems usually consist of a commercially available stand-alone MR scanner combined with a custom built PET system.…”

Section: Mrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of PET/MR Imaging

et al. 2014

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Hybrid PET/MR systems have rapidly progressed from the prototype stage to systems that are increasingly being used in the clinics. This review provides an overview of developments in hybrid PET/MR systems and summarizes the current state of the art in PET/MR instrumentation, correction techniques, and data analysis. The strong magnetic field requires considerable changes in the manner by which PET images are acquired and has led, among others, to the development of new PET detectors, such as silicon photomultipliers. During more than a decade of active PET/MR development, several system designs have been described. The technical background of combined PET/MR systems is explained and related challenges are discussed. The necessity for PET attenuation correction required new methods based on MR data. Therefore, an overview of recent developments in this field is provided. Furthermore, MR-based motion correction techniques for PET are discussed, as integrated PET/MR systems provide a platform for measuring motion with high temporal resolution without additional instrumentation. The MR component in PET/MR systems can provide functional information about disease processes or brain function alongside anatomic images. Against this background, we point out new opportunities for data analysis in this new field of multimodal molecular imaging.

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Small animal simultaneous PET/MRI: initial experiences in a 9.4 T microMRI

Cited by 99 publications

References 56 publications

Preclinical and Translational PET/MR Imaging

Preclinical and Translational PET/MR Imaging

High field magnetic resonance imaging of rodents in cardiovascular research

Principles of PET/MR Imaging

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