The hydrophobic ionic
liquid [C8mim][PF6]
(1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate)-based bicontinuous
microemulsion stabilized by the anionic surfactant [C4mim][AOT]
(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) was
first tried as a medium for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-triggered
oxidative polymerization of aniline. The effects of the mass ratio
of [C8mim][PF6]-to-water (α), the mass
fraction of [C4mim][AOT] in the total mixture (γ),
and temperature (T) on the enzymatic polymerization
were investigated using UV–vis–NIR absorption, electron
spin resonance, and small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy techniques.
The bicontinuous microemulsion is demonstrated to play a template
role in the biosynthesis of polyaniline (PANI). The conductivity of
the resulting PANI depends on the microemulsion microstructure and
the microstructure- and T-dependent catalytic properties
of the solubilized HRP. With the increase in α, the conductivity
of the synthesized PANI decreases due to the increase in the template
curvature (decrease of the microdomain size) and the decrease in the
activity and stability of HRP. Compared with α, γ has
little effect on the microdomain size of the template; so, the γ-dependent
change in the conductivity of PANI is mainly caused by the changes
of the microstructure-dependent activity and stability of HRP. Over
the range of 20–35 °C, T has little effect
on the microdomain size, but it greatly changes the activity and stability
of HRP. With the increase in T, the activity of HRP
increases steadily, but its stability decreases significantly, which
should be one of the reasons why the conductivity of PANI decreases
with increasing T. In conclusion, lower values of
α, γ, and T are favorable for the biosynthesis
of conductive PANI. The present study not only deepens the insight
into the role of the template in the process of PANI synthesis, but
also opens up a green new way for the biosynthesis of the conducting
polymer.