Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Inorganic Glasses. Data Treatment and Analysis

Abstract

The treatment and analysis of small‐angle X‐ray scattering data are reviewed with specific concern for the glass science. The studies detail the characterization of the submicroscopic structure existing in terms of two‐phase particulate systems, multiphase particle systems, non‐particulate systems, including those of fractal surfaces, and the application of small‐angle X‐ray scattering to the examination of the intermediate‐range order of glasses. The methods developed are illustrated by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and anomalous small‐angle X‐ray scattering results obtained from optical filter glass, glass produced by the sol–gel technique, optical colorless glass inclining to opalescence, porous glass and single‐phase phosphate glass.

Everything SAXS: small-angle scattering pattern collection and correction

“…For multiphase systems straightforward SAXS is rarely attempted, though some groundwork for such applications has recently been laid [181]. Instead, element-specific techniques such as anomalous SAXS (ASAXS) [192,180] or combinations between SAXS and SANS [129] are used to extract element-specific information.…”

“…This assumption can be done as the scattering power in SAXS is related to the electron density contrast between the phases (squared), so that the larger the difference in electron density, the larger the scattering contribution. With such a two-phase approximation, SAXS is used to study precipitation in metal alloys [54,36], structural defects in diamonds [164], pore structures in fibres [186,25,135], particle growth in solutions [190], coarsening of catalyst particles on membranes [167], characterization of catalysts [158], soot growth in flames [89], structures in glasses [192], void structure in ceramics [2], and for structural correlations in liquids [184], to name but a few besides the plethora of biological studies (which are well discussed in other work [96,176]). …”

The structure of zinc polyphosphate glass studied by diffraction methods and 31P NMR

“…8 excellently agree in the regions where they overlap. To separate the scattering of the disordered network, which is not resolved by the small angle X-ray scattering experiment [36], the IðsÞ curve obtained with the Rigaku Denki goniometer was approximated in the interval 5 nm À1 6 s 6 6:8 nm À1 by a polynomial in s 2 [37]. After subtracting the approximated curve from the measured intensities the curve of the scattering heterogeneities of electron density remains.…”

Heterogeneities in CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses studied by x-ray scattering

“…In addition to 3D atom probe and HRTEM, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is a convenient technique which gives information on structures having a size range from about 1 nm to about 100 nm [11][12][13][14]. Being a nondestructive method it has advantages when studying metallic glasses.…”