Small angle X-ray scattering measurement of porosity in wood following pyrolysis

Kalliat, M.; Kwak, Chul; Schmidt, Paul W.; Cutter, Bruce E.; McGinnes, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00349913

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows XRD patterns of untreated wood and treated wood. Apparently, compared with untreated wood (Figure 3(a)), the diffraction peaks at 15 ∘ and 22 ∘ belong to wood diffraction characteristic peaks in the treated woods [41][42][43][44]. The diffractogram of the untreated wood showed a high intensity crystalline peak 002 at 2 = 22 ∘ and an amorphous peak with an intensity am at 2 = 15 ∘ corresponding to the crystallographic plane (101).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inorganic Antiflaming Wood Caused by aTiO2-Decorated ZnO Nanorod Arrays Coating Prepared by a Facile Hydrothermal Method

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Wood materials with antiflaming capability were successfully fabricated by depositing a TiO2-decorated ZnO nanorod arrays (ZNAs) film on wood surface using a facile and one-pot hydrothermal method. The prepared specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). To explore the antiflaming properties, the combustion parameters of the wood treated by TiO2-decorated ZNAs were measured using the cone calorimetry technique compared with the untreated wood. For treated wood, the burning duration was prolonged for 55 s; smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) were obviously reduced, especially for the production of CO was almost zero. As a result, thin inorganic film of TiO2-decorated ZNAs had desirable fire resistance, and one-pot hydrothermal method was a feasible method to fabricate nonflammable wood materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inorganic Antiflaming Wood Caused by aTiO2-Decorated ZnO Nanorod Arrays Coating Prepared by a Facile Hydrothermal Method

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…The values of,t "2 are large for some of the fittings due to the scatter in the experimental points at large angles and in the region where the curve presents a shoulder. The statistical errors added to the systematic errors (the one due to the determination of lea is considered to be the largest by Kalliat et al, 1983) will affect the parameters calculated by an error which can be as high as 25%…”

Section: Small-angle X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porosity and evolution of pore size under heat treatment have been extensively studied using SAXS techniques (von Bastian, Schmidt, Szopa & McGinnes, 1972;Cutter, McGinnes & Schmidt, 1980;Casteel, Pringle, Lin, Schmidt, Slocum, McGinnes & Beall, 1978;Kalliat, Kwak, Schmidt, Cutter & McGinnes, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporosity and surface-area study of pine wood charcoal by SAXS and CO2 absorption techniques

Sousa¹,

Torriani²,

Luengo³

et al. 1991

J Appl Cryst

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Pine wood samples (Pinus elliottii) were heat treated at temperatures from 873 to 2873 K. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and carbon dioxide adsorption techniques were used to characterize micropore number, diameter and corresponding internal surface area (ISA) for all samples. The adsorption data showed a maximum at about 1273 K, whereas SAXS data indicated a significant decrease of ISA at those heat‐treatment temperatures (HTT). At higher HTT both techniques showed similar trends. To investigate these findings further, the evolution of the turbostratic structure of all samples was studied from X‐ray powder diffraction spectra. It was then concluded that the dynamics of microcrystallite growth affect the microporosity by decreasing the number of micropores and associated surface area. The increase in ISA observed by adsorption techniques is due to the creation of a large number of channels by the expulsion of volatile matter.

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“…Those reported results are based on measurements using a wide range of techniques including N2 adsorption (BET), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), as well as SAXS and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Among these techniques, SAXS has been historically utilized to characterize the porosity and the pore morphology of coal and porous carbon with the advantage of detecting both closed and open pores over wide dimension ranges [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Moreover, SAXS can provide the textural properties (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ SAXS studies of the pore development in biochar during gasification

Liu

Paskevicius

Sofianos

et al. 2021

Carbon

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Small angle X-ray scattering measurement of porosity in wood following pyrolysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Inorganic Antiflaming Wood Caused by aTiO2-Decorated ZnO Nanorod Arrays Coating Prepared by a Facile Hydrothermal Method

Inorganic Antiflaming Wood Caused by aTiO2-Decorated ZnO Nanorod Arrays Coating Prepared by a Facile Hydrothermal Method

Microporosity and surface-area study of pine wood charcoal by SAXS and CO2 absorption techniques

In situ SAXS studies of the pore development in biochar during gasification

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