Slowness in elderly gait

Ferrandez, Anne-Marie; Pailhous, Jean; Madeleine, Durup

doi:10.1080/07340669008251531

Cited by 105 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Slow walking speed in the elderly has been reported in many previous papers (Murray et al, 1969;Hageman and Blanke, 1986;Himann et al, 1988;Kaneko et al, 1991), and this slowness has been found to be mainly caused by short stride length (Imms and Edholm, 1981;Ferrandez et al, 1990;Nishizawa et al, 2000). Over the last century, differences in height have been observed between cohorts in developed countries (Kouchi, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Long stance phase duration equates to a long double support phase. Long double support duration aids balance in bipedal walking (Ferrandez et al, 1990;Kimura et al, 2005), and can be an adaptive characteristic of the older elderly people in response to impaired balance. The relative stance phase duration was longer in the elderly than in the young adults, but the difference was not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kaneko et al, 1991;Hirasaki et al, 1993;Nishizawa et al, 2000;Sadeghi et al, 2001). These recent studies-with some exceptions (Himann et al, 1988;Bendall et al, 1989;Ferrandez et al, 1990)-have not studied in detail the gait characteristics within the elderly. No longitudinal study with repeated trials has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aging on gait patterns in the healthy elderly

Kimura

Kobayashi

Nakayama

et al. 2007

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The free gait of 52 healthy elderly persons was examined. All the subjects were volunteers, aged 65 years or older, and lived in the community in the Kaga area, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. They were healthy and active enough to attend the study location by themselves. The comparison group of young adults consisted of 20 volunteer students. The percentages of females and males were similar in the two groups. The healthy elderly walked more slowly than the young adults. Their slower speed was largely caused by their shorter stride length. Differences were still observed between the young and elderly groups when gait parameters were presented in the form of dimensionless numbers. The elderly were weaker in grip strength and had shorter single-leg balance with eyes open than the young adults. The number of steps per day correlated negatively with age within the elderly group. Negative correlations between age and walking speed, as measured directly or in terms of dimensionless numbers, and between age and stride length were also observed within the elderly group. The relative stance phase duration correlated positively with age within the elderly group. Slow speed may be related to low daily activity, reduced muscle power, and diminished balance ability. Long stance phase duration and slow speed in the elderly could be an adaptive characteristic in response to impaired balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aging on gait patterns in the healthy elderly

Kimura

Kobayashi

Nakayama

et al. 2007

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“…The modifications to the gait patterns among elderly people have not been completely clarified, but many studies on this subject have been published 7,[11][12][13] . One of the most consistent findings from these studies is that elderly people walk more slowly than young adults do [14][15][16] . This phenomenon has been interpreted by some authors as a compensatory strategy to ensure stability 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Velocidade de marcha, equilíbrio e idade: um estudo correlacional entre idosas praticantes e idosas não praticantes de um programa de exercícios terapêuticos

Sse¹,

Caldas²

2008

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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“…It is well established that older adults tend to adopt a more conservative gait pattern as reflected in a decreased step or stride length, increased stride width, and slowed gait speed [49][50][51]. Indeed, there is a reduction of about 4% in step length between the ages of 20 and 60 years and a reduction of 6% between the ages of 60 and 70 years [52].…”

Section: Aging and The Time To Stability In Postural Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging-related temporal constraints to stability and instability in postural control

Slobounov

Haibach

Newell

2006

Eur. Rev. Aging.Phys. Act.

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In this study, we review the evidence that older adults tend to have both a shorter time to lose stability in the maintenance of standing posture and the functionally related but inverse problem of needing more time to reacquire stability in transitioning to a postural state. These age-related time limitations to processes of stability are hypothesized to enhance the probability of falling with aging and the problems that can occur in the transition between activities, such as sitting to standing and standing to walking. The potential role of fitness and health variables in mediating the temporal constraints on the acquisition and loss of postural stability in aging is discussed.Keywords Aging . Posture . StabilityThe conduct of daily life involves the engagement in a variety of physical activities that have been historically categorized into subgroups, such as activities of daily living, work, sport, music, and play. These activities in all contexts are manifestations of the fundamental physical activities of posture, locomotion, and manipulation. Thus, even in a single day in the lifetime of an individual, that person switches from the execution of one action to another in a sequence and time course that is determined by many environmental and individual factors. This time course of the change in behavior over time implies that an individual in switching activities is also caught in the continually evolving dynamical spiral of moving from stability to instability to stability and so on. The temporal limitations in acquiring or moving away from stability in standing posture as a function of aging is the focus of this review.It is well established that aging tends to lead in most individuals to a number of limitations and problems in the conduct of perceptual motor skills. The information processing [1-4], neurophysiological [5,6] and fitness [7][8][9] perspectives to aging and physical activity have all revealed age-related trends including: poorer performance (no matter how it is measured), slowness of thought and action, and loss of fitness properties such as strength, flexibility, and endurance. The more recent emphasis on dynamical processes of aging through the metaphor of selforganization has opened up new approaches and findings to aging-related limitations in physical activity [10][11][12][13][14][15]. A particular thrust has been the investigation of age-related changes in the complexity of behavior through a consideration of the evolving dynamics of movement in action [12,16], with emphasis on the health outcomes of dynamical stability and instability. Glass and Mackey [10] have viewed some processes of aging and movement disorders as an example of a dynamical disease in which behavioral and physiological systems change as a consequence of aberrations in the temporal organization of the evolving dynamics.The role and consequences of dynamical stability and instability are magnified in whole body physical activities such as standing posture and locomotion because of the potential severe negati...

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Slowness in elderly gait

Cited by 105 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of aging on gait patterns in the healthy elderly

Effects of aging on gait patterns in the healthy elderly

Velocidade de marcha, equilíbrio e idade: um estudo correlacional entre idosas praticantes e idosas não praticantes de um programa de exercícios terapêuticos

Aging-related temporal constraints to stability and instability in postural control

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