Slow steaming and a new dawn for wind propulsion: A multi-level analysis of two low carbon shipping transitions

Green Shipping Practices of Shipping Firms

“…Reducing ship speed by 60-70% from design speed can reduce fuel consumption by 70% and in turn the corresponding emissions of ships [11]. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) in 2013 as the results of TM and OM, respectively [13].…”

“…A literature review on environmental sustainability in shipping [10] showed that increasing studies have been conducted in the last decade, whereas almost no studies existed prior to 2005. Most of these studies have dealt with speed reduction [11], fuel consumption, or new energy technology for environmental or economic benefits of shipping companies [12]. Lister et al [13] found that research on shipping industry for environmental governance is lagged behind compared with other sectors.…”

“…Dissatisfied with the weaker implementation, regionally-based green initiatives have been adopted including the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Port State Control, European Union's green legislations and various market-based initiatives [14]. Most existing studies on green shipping have attempted either to solve technical problems to design, operation and other business aspects [10,[15][16][17][18], or to survey opinions of stakeholders based on survey or interviews [1,10,11,13,14,19]. No studies, except Lai et al [4], however, have yet examined the motivations of shipping companies on why they practice green shipping activities.…”

Shipping in changing climates

“…Whilst this special issue is not focused on the identification and analysis of decarbonisation pathways themselves, a number of papers suggest promising technology and operational options. These include a concerted effort for slow (or even ultraslow) steaming [10], the use of waste heat recovery as mentioned previously [14], and the use of wind-assistance technology [10,12]. In some instances there are synergies that can occur (e.g.…”

Conceptualization of research of power hybrid electric power complexes

“…1. Other decisions related to the integration improvement of providing hybrid DEPCs, SPUs and SPPs are given in [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. 1 -Photovoltaic generation system (PVGS); 2 -energy storage system (ESS); 3, 4 -DC/DC converter; 5 -control system (CS) of hybrid diesel electric propulsion complex (DEPC); 6 -DC link; 7 -to DC consumers -such as resistor back unit (RBU); 8 -voltage source inverter (VSI) or current source inverter (CSI), 9 -high voltage switchboard (HVSB); 10 -ships power plant (SPP) with medium speed engines (MSE); 11 -voltage transformers, 12 -to AC consumers, in particular, board electric motor (BEM), thruster (THR) and low voltage switchboard (LVSB)…”