Slow Pyrolysis of Biomass in Acidic or Metallic Catalysis

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The increased quantities of glycerol available on the market initiated research efforts oriented to new valorization technologies, particularly by its conversion into medium tonnage chemicals, replacing petroleum derivatives. In this work it was investigated the valorization of glycerol by its transformation in glycerol acetates, by direct esterification with acetic acid, over a commercial Amberlyst-35 resin. Experiments were carried out batch-wise, in an autoclave reactor under controlled working conditions, at temperatures between 95 and 112 oC and initial acetic acid to glycerol molar ratios between 4 and 9. The experimental data evidenced that the glycerol conversion to monoacetate is faster than the next esterification steps. A relatively simple kinetic model was proposed and its parameters were evaluated from the experimental measurements. It proved reasonable predicting capacity for products distribution dependencies on the reactants molar ratio and reaction temperature.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Study of Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid Over a Commercial Amberlyst-35 Ion Exchange Resin

Banu¹,

Bozga²,

Bumbac³

et al. 2019

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“…The cheapest way to manufacture fatty alcohols is to hydrogenate fatty acid esters. Typically, the process of hydrogenation of fatty acid esters is carried out in heterogeneous catalysis, a process used in most catalytic processes [1][2][3].Catalysts commonly used in industrial processes for the hydrogenation of fatty acid esters are based on chromium [4][5][6]. Current concerns are directed to replacing chromium-based catalysts, metal with high toxicity, with others on less toxic metals [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies address the processing of bioresources by catalytic processes, [14][15][16][17], the number of publications that address the hydrogenation of fatty esther is relatively low, priority concerns being directed towards obtaining biofuels.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of a Mesoporous Silica on Ru-Sn Catalyst Activity in the Hydrogenation of Methyl Oleate

Rizea¹,

Bombos²,

Juganaru³

et al. 2019

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The hydrogenation of methyl oleate on a Ru-Sn catalyst deposited on Al-HMS was studied in comparison to that conducted on the same catalyst deposited on a conventional support, i.e. g-Al2O3. The catalyst was prepared by sequential impregnation. The distribution of the acid strength of the prepared catalysts was determined by thermic desorption of diethyl amine in the temperature range from 20 to 600�C. Experiments were carried out on a laboratory echipament using a fixed bed catalytic reactor at a temperature of 275�C, pressure of 100 atm with a methyl oleate volume flow rate (VHSV) of 0.15h-1 and molar ratio hydrogen/ methyl oleate of 10/1. The main compounds identified were saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols and saturated hydrocarbons. Ru-Sn/ Al-HMS + g-Al2O3 shows a higher conversion to liquid products that the Ru-Sn-Ba / g-Al2O3, probably due to a favorable distribution of the acid strength.

“…The rapid depletion of fossil resources, global warming and environmental pollution has attracted significant efforts for the development of alternative renewable resources to produce valuable organic compounds [1][2][3]. A number of building blocks obtained from biomass, such as ethanol, furfural, lactic acid, glycerol, levulinic acid, and succinic acid, are already in use or are considered to have a great significance in the near future [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Using Mild Reaction Conditions

Gavrila¹,

Asofiei²,

Trifan³

et al. 2017

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an important platform molecules, being a green precursor for a variety of high performance fuels and valuable chemicals. The production of 5-HMF from fructose under microwave-assisted heating conditions by varying different parameters (catalyst, temperature, stirring rate and reaction time) was studied. Microwave assisted synthesis leads to a shorter reaction time (40 min versus 150 min for conventional method) and the energy consumption is lower compared with the conventional method. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were tested. Although homogeneous catalysis produced the highest conversion of fructose to 5-HMF, ion exchange resins are preferable for industrial development and the best results were obtained for Dowex resin.