Slow-light enhanced optical detection in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals

Pedersen, Mangor; Rishøj, Lars Søgaard; Steffensen, Henrik; Xiao, Sanshui; Mortensen, N. Asger

doi:10.1007/s11082-007-9123-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…A Tamm plasmon can be S- or P-polarized and the in-plane wavevector can be zero. This absence of in-plane propagation offers the opportunities for “slow light” which can increase the interactions with fluorophores [64-65]. Tamm plasmons do have a disadvantage, which is that the modes are under the metal film (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative decay engineering 7: Tamm state-coupled emission using a hybrid plasmonic–photonic structure

Badugu

Descrovi

Lakowicz

2014

Analytical Biochemistry

106

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There is a continuing need to increase the brightness and photostability of fluorophores for use in biotechnology, medical diagnostics and cell imaging. One approach developed during the past decade is to use metallic surfaces and nanostructures. It is now known that excited state fluorophores display interactions with surface plasmons, which can increase the radiative decay rates, modify the spatial distribution of emission and result in directional emission. One important example is Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission (SPCE). In this phenomenon the fluorophores at close distances from a thin metal film, typically silver, display emission over a small range of angles into the substrate. A disadvantage of SPCE is that the emission occur at large angles relative to the surface normal, and at angles which are larger than the critical angle for the glass substrate. The large angles make it difficult to collect all the coupled emission and have prevented use of SPCE with high-throughput and/or array applications. In the present report we describe a simple multi-layer metal-dielectric structure which allows excitation with light that is perpendicular (normal) to the plane and provides emission within a narrow angular distribution that is normal to the plane. This structure consist of a thin silver film on top of a multi-layer dielectric Bragg grating, with no nanoscale features except for the metal or dielectric layer thicknesses. Our structure is designed to support optical Tamm states, which are trapped electromagnetic modes between the metal film and the underlying Bragg grating. We used simulations with the transfer matrix method to understand the optical properties of Tamm states and localization of the modes or electric fields in the structure. Tamm states can exist with zero in-plane wavevector components and can be created without the use of a coupling prism. We show that fluorophores on top of the metal film can interact with the Tamm state under the metal film and display Tamm state-coupled emission (TSCE). In contrast to SPCE, the Tamm states can display either S- or P-polarization. The TSCE angle is highly sensitive to wavelength which suggests the use of Tamm structures to provide both directional emission and wavelength dispersion. Metallic structures can modify fluorophore decay rates but also have high losses. Photonic crystals have low losses, but may lack the enhanced light-induced fields near metals. The combination of plasmonic and photonic structures offers the opportunity for radiative decay engineering to design new formats for clinical testing and other fluorescence-based applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative decay engineering 7: Tamm state-coupled emission using a hybrid plasmonic–photonic structure

Badugu

Descrovi

Lakowicz

2014

Analytical Biochemistry

106

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“…Here, we extend the perturbative theory in Refs. [6,7,8,9] to the case of a dispersive Bragg stack infiltrated by a spectrally strongly dispersive gas with a narrow and distinct absorption peak. We emphasize the example of oxygen monitoring and sensing based on the two distinctive bands near the visible to near-infrared light range of 760 nm referred to as the O 2 A band [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This space-time mapping is a general approach (employed for a variety of other measurements) which is only possible in microchannels supporting laminar flow. For the optical sensitivity, it has been proposed, that by introducing a porous and strongly dispersive material, such as a photonic crystal, into the lab-on-a-chip microsystems one could potentially solve these problems through slow-light enhanced light-matter interactions [6,7,8,9]. First experimental evidence of this effect for gas sensors in the mid-infrared range was reported by Lambrecht et al [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow-light enhanced light–matter interactions with applications to gas sensing

Jensen

Alam

Scherer

et al. 2008

Optics Communications

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Optical gas detection in microsystems is limited by the short micron scale optical path length available. Recently, the concept of slow-light enhanced absorption has been proposed as a route to compensate for the short path length in miniaturized absorption cells. We extend the previous perturbation theory to the case of a Bragg stack infiltrated by a spectrally strongly dispersive gas with a narrow and distinct absorption peak. We show that considerable signal enhancement is possible. As an example, we consider a Bragg stack consisting of PMMA infiltrated by O 2 . Here, the required optical path length for visible to near-infrared detection (∼ 760 nm) can be reduced by at least a factor of 10 2 , making a path length of 1 mm feasible. By using this technique, optical gas detection can potentially be made possible in microsystems.

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“…The fraction on the right-hand side expresses the ratio of the group velocity c/n l in the bare liquid to the group velocity v g in the liquid-infiltrated structure, thus clearly illustrating the enhancement by slow-light propagation (v g ≪ c). The above perturbative expression has been derived by standard first-order electromagnetic perturbation theory [10] as well as by a scattering matrix approach combined with the concept of the Wigner-Smith delay time [11]. So far, the concept has only been illustrated by means of simulations of ideal structures comprising lossless dielectric materials infiltrated by the absorbing bio-liquid of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow-light enhanced absorption for bio-chemical sensing applications: potential of low-contrast lossy materials

Pedersen

Xiao²,

Mortensen

2008

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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Slow-light enhanced absorption in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals has recently been proposed as a route to compensate for the reduced optical path in typical lab-on-a-chip systems for bio-chemical sensing applications. A simple perturbative expression has been applied to ideal structures composed of lossless dielectrics. In this work we study the enhancement in structures composed of lossy dielectrics such as a polymer. For this particular sensing application we find that the material loss has an unexpected limited drawback and surprisingly, it may even add to increase the bandwidth for low-index contrast systems such as polymer devices.

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Slow-light enhanced optical detection in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Radiative decay engineering 7: Tamm state-coupled emission using a hybrid plasmonic–photonic structure

Radiative decay engineering 7: Tamm state-coupled emission using a hybrid plasmonic–photonic structure

Slow-light enhanced light–matter interactions with applications to gas sensing

Slow-light enhanced absorption for bio-chemical sensing applications: potential of low-contrast lossy materials

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