SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato

Liu, Yudong; Shi, Yuan; Su, Deding; Wang, Lu; Li, Zhengguo

doi:10.1038/s41438-020-00431-9

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This epimutant revealed the potential relationship between epigenetic regulation and fruit ripening. Many TFs identified in the last two decades, such as HD-zip homeobox protein (LeHB-1), SlWRKY1, and SlGRAS4, regulate fruit ripening through a similar mechanism by directly binding to the promoters of ethylene biosynthesis genes and upregulating their transcripts [ 42 – 44 ]. SlARF2A and SlARF2B from the auxin response factor family act redundantly to regulate fruit ripening.…”

Section: Transcription Factors In Fruit Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of fleshy fruit ripening: from transcription factors to epigenetic modifications

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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Fleshy fruits undergo a complex ripening process, developing organoleptic fruit traits that attract herbivores and maximize seed dispersal. Ripening is the terminal stage of fruit development and involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes. In fleshy fruits, ripening always involves a drastic color change triggered by the accumulation of pigments and degradation of chlorophyll, softening caused by cell wall remodeling, and flavor formation as acids and sugars accumulate alongside volatile compounds. The mechanisms underlying fruit ripening rely on the orchestration of ripening-related transcription factors, plant hormones, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the transcription factors that regulate ripening in conjunction with ethylene and environmental signals (light and temperature) in the model plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other fleshy fruits. We emphasize the critical roles of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and histone modification as well as RNA m6A modification, which has been studied intensively. This detailed review was compiled to provide a comprehensive description of the regulatory mechanisms of fruit ripening and guide new strategies for its effective manipulation.

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Section: Transcription Factors In Fruit Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of fleshy fruit ripening: from transcription factors to epigenetic modifications

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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“…Ethylene is a crucial phytohormone involved in plant responses to biotic stress as well as in tomato fruit development (Liu et al, 2021). In tomato, ethylene is induced by the pathogenic fungus Oidium neolycopersici (Kissoudis et al, 2016) and by P. syringae pv.…”

Section: The Tomato Response To Edna Is the Modulation Of Receptor-like Protein Kinases And Ethylene-responsive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Fragmented Self-DNA Is Involved in Plant Responses to Biotic Stress

2021

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A growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular fragmented self-DNA (eDNA), by acting as a signaling molecule, triggers inhibitory effects on conspecific plants and functions as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). To evaluate early and late events in DAMP-dependent responses to eDNA, we extracted, fragmented, and applied the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) eDNA to tomato leaves. Non-sonicated, intact self-DNA (intact DNA) was used as control. Early event analyses included the evaluation of plasma transmembrane potentials (Vm), cytosolic calcium variations (Ca2+cyt), the activity and subcellular localization of both voltage-gated and ligand-gated rectified K+ channels, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) subcellular localization and quantification. Late events included RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis and qPCR validation of gene expression of tomato leaves exposed to tomato eDNA. Application of eDNA induced a concentration-dependent Vm depolarization which was correlated to an increase in (Ca2+)cyt; this event was associated to the opening of K+ channels, with particular action on ligand-gated rectified K+ channels. Both eDNA-dependent (Ca2+)cyt and K+ increases were correlated to ROS production. In contrast, application of intact DNA produced no effects. The plant response to eDNA was the modulation of the expression of genes involved in plant–biotic interactions including pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPK1), heat shock transcription factors (Hsf), heat shock proteins (Hsp), receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs). Several genes involved in calcium signaling, ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis were also modulated by application of eDNA. Shared elements among the transcriptional response to eDNA and to biotic stress indicate that eDNA might be a common DAMP that triggers plant responses to pathogens and herbivores, particularly to those that intensive plant cell disruption or cell death. Our results suggest the intriguing hypothesis that some of the plant reactions to pathogens and herbivores might be due to DNA degradation, especially when associated to the plant cell disruption. Fragmented DNA would then become an important and powerful elicitor able to trigger early and late responses to biotic stress.

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“…Tomato GRAS1 is also differentially expressed in breaker and mature fruits emphasizing its role in fruit development ( Huang et al., 2015 ). Recently, it has been demonstrated that a GRAS TF, SlGRAS4, was involved in tomato ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and MADS TFs ( Liu et al., 2021 ). SlGRAS4 binds to the promoter sequence of the crucial ethylene biosynthesis genes (like SlAC O 1 and SlAC O 3 ), activates their expression, and enhances the fruit ripening.…”

Section: Biological Functions Regulated By Grasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted roles of GRAS transcription factors in growth and stress responses in plants

Jaiswal¹,

Kakkar²,

Kumari³

et al. 2022

iScience

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SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato

Cited by 47 publications

References 50 publications

Regulation of fleshy fruit ripening: from transcription factors to epigenetic modifications

Regulation of fleshy fruit ripening: from transcription factors to epigenetic modifications

Extracellular Fragmented Self-DNA Is Involved in Plant Responses to Biotic Stress

Multifaceted roles of GRAS transcription factors in growth and stress responses in plants

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