Sleep spindle‐related activity in the human EEG and its relation to general cognitive and learning abilities

Schabus, Manuel; Hödlmoser, Kerstin; Gruber, Georg; Sauter, Cornelia; Anderer, P.; Klösch, Gerhard; Parapatics, Silvia; Saletu, B.; Klimesch, Wolfgang; Zeitlhofer, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04694.x

Cited by 240 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…HRV fluctuations across the nap resembled prior reports of cardiac ANS activity across nocturnal sleep stages (25,36). Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant differences in total HRV spectral power across sleep stages [F (3,63) = 7.78, P < 0.01, partial eta squared (η 2 p ) = 0.27]. Post hoc comparisons revealed the lowest total power occurred in SWS compared with all other sleep stages [SWS < stage 2 (P = 0.001), < REM (P = 0.001)].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Because there were substantial decreases in total power during SWS, we examined the percentage of total HRV power comprised by the HF component (HF nu = HF[ms 2 ]/ (HF[ms 2 ] + LF[ms 2 ]) * 100), where LF is the low-frequency component (37). Here, we discovered that substantial changes also occurred in the normalized HF HRV component [F (3,63) = 12.04, P < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.36], with greatest normalized HF HRV during SWS compared with stage 2 (P < 0.003), REM (P < 0.001), and prenap wake (P = 0.05). Additionally, there was higher normalized HF HRV during stage 2 compared with REM (P = 0.045), but not compared with prenap wake (P = 0.10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Next, we used a multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) with group (Nap and QW) as the independent variable; performance (proportion correct at PM) in Novel, Primed, and Repeated conditions as dependent variables; and baseline performance as a covariate. This analysis revealed a significant effect of group [F (3,51) Nap (full) represents the whole Nap sample. Nap (partial) represents the subset of nap subjects used in the regression analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, minutes spent in slow wave sleep (SWS) and the number of sleep spindles [transient neural events in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, [12][13][14][15] in a posttraining sleep period correlate with the magnitude of explicit memory improvement [e.g., conscious, episodic memories (2,3)]. Minutes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, on the other hand, are associated with improvements in implicit memory [e.g., unconscious, priming, procedural skills (4,5)].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

Whitehurst

Cellini

McDevitt

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Throughout history, psychologists and philosophers have proposed that good sleep benefits memory, yet current studies focusing on the relationship between traditionally reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show contradictory findings. This discrepancy suggests that there are events occurring during sleep that have not yet been considered. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages. Also, increases in ANS activity during waking, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been correlated with memory improvement. However, the role of ANS in sleepdependent memory consolidation has never been examined. Here, we examined whether changes in cardiac ANS activity (HRV) during a daytime nap were related to performance on two memory conditions (Primed and Repeated) and a nonmemory control condition on the Remote Associates Test. In line with prior studies, we found sleep-dependent improvement in the Primed condition compared with the Quiet Wake control condition. Using regression analyses, we compared the proportion of variance in performance associated with traditionally reported sleep features (model 1) vs. sleep features and HRV during sleep (model 2). For both the Primed and Repeated conditions, model 2 (sleep + HRV) predicted performance significantly better (73% and 58% of variance explained, respectively) compared with model 1 (sleep only, 46% and 26% of variance explained, respectively). These findings present the first evidence, to our knowledge, that ANS activity may be one potential mechanism driving sleep-dependent plasticity.sleep | heart rate variability | memory | consolidation | vagal activity S leep has been shown to facilitate the transformation of recent experiences into stable, long-term memories (i.e., consolidation), and specific electrophysiological sleep features have been implicated in this process (1). For example, minutes spent in slow wave sleep (SWS) and the number of sleep spindles [transient neural events in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, 12-15 Hz] in a posttraining sleep period correlate with the magnitude of explicit memory improvement [e.g., conscious, episodic memories (2, 3)]. Minutes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, on the other hand, are associated with improvements in implicit memory [e.g., unconscious, priming, procedural skills (4, 5)]. However, recent reviews and meta-analyses of the literature report inconsistencies in these findings (6, 7), suggesting that there may be unexplored factors critical to sleep-dependent memory consolidation.One possible influence that has received little attention in the sleep and memory literature is the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This lack of attention is somewhat surprising, considering that the literature describing ANS modulation of memory during wake is well established (8). Studies have found that memory storage of new information can be enhanced or impaired by directly modifying the activity of peripheral hormones following acquisition (9...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

Whitehurst

Cellini

McDevitt

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…It would be tempting to relate hippocampal and mesio-frontal activities associated with fast spindles to memory processing. Indeed, power in the fast spindle range (Ͼ13 Hz) increases after encoding of hippocampaldependent declarative memories (25) and after procedural motor learning (26) [but see ref 27 for a memory-related increase in slower spindles (11.25-13.75 Hz)]. However, we did not submit our volunteers to any systematic training session before sleep.…”

Section: Difference In Cortical Activity Associated With Slow and Fasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic cerebral correlates of sleep spindles during human non-rapid eye movement sleep

Schabus

Dang‐Vu

Albouy

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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439

392

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In humans, some evidence suggests that there are two different types of spindles during sleep, which differ by their scalp topography and possibly some aspects of their regulation. To test for the existence of two different spindle types, we characterized the activity associated with slow (11-13 Hz) and fast (13-15 Hz) spindles, identified as discrete events during non-rapid eye movement sleep, in non-sleepdeprived human volunteers, using simultaneous electroencephalography and functional MRI. An activation pattern common to both spindle types involved the thalami, paralimbic areas (anterior cingulate and insular cortices), and superior temporal gyri. No thalamic difference was detected in the direct comparison between slow and fast spindles although some thalamic areas were preferentially activated in relation to either spindle type. Beyond the common activation pattern, the increases in cortical activity differed significantly between the two spindle types. Slow spindles were associated with increased activity in the superior frontal gyrus. In contrast, fast spindles recruited a set of cortical regions involved in sensorimotor processing, as well as the mesial frontal cortex and hippocampus. The recruitment of partially segregated cortical networks for slow and fast spindles further supports the existence of two spindle types during human non-rapid eye movement sleep, with potentially different functional significance.H uman sleep is associated with a profound modification of consciousness and the emergence of distinct sleep oscillations. In the early stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, electroencephalographic recordings show characteristic spindle oscillations. In humans, spindles consist of waxing-and-waning 11-to 15-Hz oscillations, lasting 0.5-3 sec. At the cellular level, spindles are associated with substantial neuronal activity. Spindles arise from cyclic inhibition of thalamo-cortical (TC) neurons by reticular thalamic neurons. Postinihibitory rebound spike bursts in TC cells entrain cortical populations in spindle oscillations (1). These neuronal mechanisms, which involve large TC populations, are thought to shape the processing of information during light NREM sleep and participate in the alteration of consciousness that characterizes this stage of sleep.Little is known on the cerebral correlates of human spindles. Early positron emission tomography studies reported a negative relationship between thalamic cerebral blood flow and the power spectrum in the spindle frequency band (2). However, the low temporal resolution of positron emission tomography did not allow for a fine-grained characterization of the cerebral correlates of human spindles. In addition, two kinds of spindles are described in humans. Slow spindles (Ͻ13 Hz) predominate over frontal, whereas fast spindles (Ͼ13 Hz) prevail over centro-parietal areas. The difference in spindle scalp topography is also reflected by profound functional differences. These two spindling activities differ by their circadian and homeostatic regul...

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Sleep disturbances in Lewy body dementia: A systematic review

Elder

Lázár

Alfonso‐Miller

et al. 2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Background: Lewy body dementia (LBD) refers to both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). Sleep disturbances are common in LBD, and can include poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and rapid eye movement behaviour disorder (RBD). Despite the high clinical prevalence of sleep disturbances in LBD, they are under-studied relative to other dementias. The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the nature of sleep disturbances in LBD, summarise the effect of treatment studies upon sleep, and highlight specific and necessary directions for future research. Methods: Published studies in English were located by searching PubMED and PSYCArticles databases (until 10 June 2022). The search protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42021293490) and performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results: Following full-text review, a final total of 70 articles were included. These included 20 studies focussing on subjective sleep, 14 on RBD, 8 on EDS, 7 on objective sleep, and 1 on circadian rhythms. The majority of the 18 treatment studies used pharmacological interventions (n = 12), had an open-label design (n = 8), and were of low-to-moderate quality. Most studies (n = 55) included only patients with DLB. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, we reported a narrative synthesis without meta-analysis. Conclusions: At least one form of sleep disturbance may be present in as many as 90% of people with LBD. Subjectively poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and RBD are more common and severe in LBD relative to other dementias.

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Sleep spindle‐related activity in the human EEG and its relation to general cognitive and learning abilities

Cited by 240 publications

References 42 publications

Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

Hemodynamic cerebral correlates of sleep spindles during human non-rapid eye movement sleep

Sleep disturbances in Lewy body dementia: A systematic review

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