Sleep quality and high intensity interval training at two different times of day: A crossover study on the influence of the chronotype in male collegiate soccer players

Vitale, Jacopo Antonino; Bonato, Matteo; Galasso, Letizia; Torre, Antonio La; Merati, Giampiero; Montaruli, A.; Roveda, Eliana; Carandente, F.

doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1256301

Cited by 75 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Aside from effects on peak performance, the misalignment of the internal molecular clock with metabolic and other physiological systems impacting bodily responses to stress and fatigue may impact recovery time [37] and individual health. A critical concern for athletes is avoiding potential injuries that may result from circadian misalignment with today’s demanding schedules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Anderson¹,

Murray²,

Herlihy³

et al. 2018

Journal of Circadian Rhythms

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Although individual athletic performance generally tends to peak in the evening, individuals who exhibit a strong diurnal preference perform better closer to their circadian peak. Time-of-day performance effects are influenced by circadian phenotype (diurnal preference and chronotype—sleep-wake patterns), homeostatic energy reserves and, potentially, genotype, yet little is known about how these factors influence physiological effort. Here, we investigate the effects of time of day, diurnal preference, chronotype, and PER3 (a circadian clock gene) genotype on both effort and performance in a population of Division I collegiate swimmers (n = 27). Participants competed in 200m time trials at 7:00 and 19:00 and were sampled pre- and post-trial for salivary α-amylase levels (as a measure of physiological effort), allowing for per-individual measures of performance and physiological effort. Hair samples were collected for genotype analysis (a variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PER3). Our results indicate significant and parallel time-of-day by circadian phenotype effects on swim performance and effort; evening-type swimmers swam on average 6% slower with 50% greater α-amylase levels in the morning than they did in the evening, and morning types required 5–7 times more effort in the evening trial to achieve the same performance result as the morning trial. In addition, our results suggest that these performance effects may be influenced by gene (circadian clock gene PER3 variants) by environment (time of day) interactions. Participants homozygous for the PER34,4 length variant (rs57875989) or who possess a single G-allele at PER3 SNP rs228697 swam 3–6% slower in the morning. Overall, these results suggest that intra-individual variation in athletic performance and effort with time of day is associated with circadian phenotype and PER3 genotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Anderson¹,

Murray²,

Herlihy³

et al. 2018

Journal of Circadian Rhythms

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“…A strong association between circadian typology and sleep–wake behavior has been observed (Vitale et al, 2017b): E-types show difficulty in initiating sleep and they usually wake up and go to bed later (Taillard et al, 2004), whereas M-types have early bedtimes, wake up times and show higher objective and subjective sleep quality (Vitale et al, 2015). Furthermore, it is crucial to emphasize that individual differences, meant as the predisposition toward morningness or eveningness, also affect the psychological functioning and the personality (Cavallera and Giudici, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Self-reported Mood State in Response to High Intensity Interval Training. A Crossover Study on the Effect of Chronotype

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chronotype on mood state and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) before and in response to acute high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed at different times of the day. Based on the morningness–eveningness questionnaire, 12 morning-types (M-types; N = 12; age 21 ± 2 years; height 179 ± 5 cm; body mass 74 ± 12 kg) and 11 evening-types (E-types; N = 11; age 21 ± 2 years; height 181 ± 11 cm; body mass 76 ± 11 kg) were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. All subjects underwent measurements of Profile of Mood States (POMS), before (PRE), after 12 (POST12) and 24 h (POST24) the completion of both morning (08.00 am) and evening (08.00 p.m.) training. Additionally, Global Mood Disturbance and Energy Index (EI) were calculated. RPE was obtained PRE and 30 min POST HIIE. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test of POMS parameters during morning training showed significant differences in fatigue, vigor and EI at PRE and POST24 between M-types and E-types. In addition, significant chronotype differences were found only in POST12 after the evening HIIE for fatigue, vigor and EI. For what concerns Borg perceived exertion, comparing morning versus evening values in PRE condition, a higher RPE was observed in relation to evening training for M-types (P = 0.0107) while E-types showed higher RPE values in the morning (P = 0.008). Finally, intragroup differences showed that E-types had a higher RPE respect to M-types before (P = 0.002) and after 30 min (P = 0.042) the morning session of HIIE. No significant changes during the evening training session were found. In conclusion, chronotype seems to significantly influence fatigue values, perceived exertions and vigor in relation to HIIE performed at different times of the day. Specifically, E-types will meet more of a burden when undertaking a physical task early in the day. Practical results suggest that performing a HIIE at those times of day that do not correspond to subjects’ circadian preference can lead to increased mood disturbances and perceived exertion. Therefore, an athlete’s chronotype should be taken into account when scheduling HIIE.Trial registration:ACTRN12617000432314, registered 24 March 2017, “retrospectively registered”.Web address of trial:https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371862&showOriginal=true&isReview=true

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“…This circadian typology is involved not only in habits and lifestyles, emerging in particular during adolescence and remaining present throughout adult life, but also in the expression of physiological rhythms [3]. Circadian differences in physiological parameters could lead to different physical performance throughout the day, as several studies have shown [4–6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronotype and response to training during the polar night: a pilot study

Vitale

Bjoerkesett

Campaña

et al. 2017

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Background: An individual’s chronotype influences his or her physiological rhythms. Some studies have looked at the effect of time of day on the responses to exercise, but studies on the effect of long-term training are lacking.Objective: To report the effects of an 8-week training period during the polar night in non-athletes of different chronotypes living at 70°N.Design: In all, 10 morning (M), 10 neither (N) and 10 evening (E) types were recruited, and their aerobic capacity (VO2max), strength, flexibility and balance before and after the training period were tested.Results: 3 E-types, 5 N-types and 6 M-types completed the protocol. An increase in VO2max and strength was observed for the whole group. The best negative correlation (r=–0.5287) was found between the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score and the increase in VO2max, and the best positive correlation (r=0.4395) was found between MEQ and the increase in strength. Changes in balance and flexibility did not show any clear trends.Conclusion: In an environment with no outdoor daylight, it seems that the response to 8 weeks of aerobic training is larger in the E- than in the M-types, although the M-types showed a larger improvement in strength.

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Sleep quality and high intensity interval training at two different times of day: A crossover study on the influence of the chronotype in male collegiate soccer players

Cited by 75 publications

References 20 publications

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Self-reported Mood State in Response to High Intensity Interval Training. A Crossover Study on the Effect of Chronotype

Chronotype and response to training during the polar night: a pilot study

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