Sleep Produced by Electrical Stimulation of the Thalamus

Effect of low and high frequency thalamic stimulation on sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor

“…Low frequency stimulation, whether cyclic or continuous, did not induce sleep or drowsiness in awake patients, except in two isolated, non reproducible instances, presumably either because the stimulation pattern was inappropriate or because brain structures involved in sleep regulation were unaffected. The 5‐Hz/30‐sec pattern was used in Hess's pioneer sleep experiments in the cat ( Akert et al . 1952 ).…”

“…The onset latency of sleep, if it occurred, was determined. In patient 6, bilateral Vim stimulation began simultaneously on both sides, so that the EEG artifacts of stimulation would be superimposed; (2) Continuous 5‐Hz trains (400 μ sec, 2 V) were applied for 30 s at 2‐min intervals as used by Akert et al . (1952) for 15 min.…”

“…In animal models sleep can be induced by electrical stimulation in the medial thalamic nuclei ( Hess 1927; Akert et al . 1952; Hernandez‐Peon 1962 ).…”

Neurobiology of waking and sleeping

“…However, the effect of the stimulation depended upon its frequency. Whereas high-frequency stimulation elicited fast cortical activity, low-frequency stimulation recruited spindle-like or slow wave-like activity on the cerebral cortex, which resembled the EEG activity of sleep (Akert et al, 1952). Similarly, stimulation in the preoptic area and basal forebrain could activate the cortex, yet depending upon the precise location and frequency, could also elicit slow-wave activity and a state of sleep (Hess, 1957; Sterman and Clemente, 1962a, b).…”

A Robust Method with High Time Resolution for Estimating the Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Loop Strength and the Delay when Using a Scalp Electroencephalography Applied to the Wake-Sleep Transition

“…The model has been successful in predicting EEG spectra [13] and understanding dynamics of epileptic seizures [14,15,16] or evoked potentials [17]. Applying this model to sleep EEG would be significant because the thalamus has an important role in sleep, which has been demonstrated in both animal model experiments [19] and imaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging [20] or singlephoton emission computed tomography [21]. It is expected that a change of sleep state could be well tracked and interpreted physiologically by fitting the model to EEG data.…”