Sleep loss, recovery sleep, and military performance

Dr, Haslam

doi:10.1080/00140138208924935

Cited by 89 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, the exact benefits of recovery sleep of various lengths are not fully known, and existing studies do not provide consistent results. Both Babkoff et al (1988) and Haslam (1982) reported that 4 h of sleep lead to partial recovery of performance after 73 and 90 h of TSD, respectively. On the other hand, Ryman et al (1985) reported that 3 h of sleep after only 17 h of continuous work did not improve performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Lobe Metabolic Decreases with Sleep Deprivation not Totally Reversed by Recovery Sleep

Gillin

Buchsbaum

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

140

100

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We studied the effects of total sleep deprivation and recovery sleep in normal subjects using position emission tomography with 18F-deoxyglycose. Sleep deprivation resulted in a significant decrease in relative metabolism of the frontal cortex, thalamus, and striatum. Recovery sleep was found to have only a partial restorative effect on frontal lobe function with minimal reversal of subcortical deficits. Sleep may be especially important for maintenance of frontal lobe activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Lobe Metabolic Decreases with Sleep Deprivation not Totally Reversed by Recovery Sleep

Gillin

Buchsbaum

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

140

100

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“…As a consequence, although the 4-h nap may have been "restorative," it was not sufficiently restorative to offset the continued deprivation and circadian effects. It should further be noted that the most comparable studies (Haslam, 1982;Naitoh, 1981) did, in fact, report only limited recovery effects from a single period of 3 or 4 h of sleep (as used here) and that Haslam found limited recovery during a low circadian period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Two studies (Akerstadt & Gillberg, 1979;Rosa et al, 1983) that used an awakening-fromsleep design and one (Morgan et al, 1973) that used an immediate-testing design found a significant recovery effect following 4 h of sleep. In a field study, after 3 days of sleep loss, Haslam (1982) found recovery effects resulting from 4 h of sleep per night, and Naitoh et al (1982) EXTENDED PERFORMANCE 35 reported significant recovery effects on one test (but not on others) from 3-h naps. Primary differences in our design from those of the others were the interjection of the 4-h nap well before (24 h) the period of testing, and the test period was conducted during a circadian low period (0000-0600 h) which extended the period of deprivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiments on extended performance: Repetition, age, and limited sleep periods

Webb

1985

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Four experiments on the effects on performance of extended time periods without sleep and on the effects of limited sleep, that is, naps, within such periods are reviewed. The performance measures included subjective measures and measures of performance on attention/persistence, continuous-production, precision, and cognitive tasks. Repeated periods of sleep deprivation did not result in decreased effects: Older subjects tended to be more vulnerable to sleep-loss decrements, and three different schedules of 4 h of sleep within a 60-h sleep-deprivation period had limited differential ameliorative effects. This is a report on a series of experiments on performance during extended time periods without sleep and time periods with limited sleep, or naps. There was an operational orientation in the selection of the variables studied, the measures used, and the analyses conducted.One experiment assessed the effect of repeated spaced periods of sleep as a potential for reducing performance decrements during sustained operations. Two experiments were concerned with the effect of age on sustained performance. A set of three different schedules of interjected periods of limited sleep, or naps, was used to study their potential as ameliorative resources within extended periods of performance without sleep.An extensive battery of measures was used to assess a wide range of operationally relevant performances. These included subjective measures and measures of performance on short-and long-term monitoring tasks and continuous-production tasks. A particular effort was made to develop cognitive tasks that would simulate those that might be required of command-level (hence, older) personnel.Analyses focused on the maximum effects to be anticipated rather than on the measurement of the course-ofperformance changes.This report includes a description of the methodologies used and summarizes the effects of repeated sleep loss (Experiment 1) and age (Experiments 2 and 3) that have been reported elsewhere. It also presents preliminary analyses (Experiment 4) on the effects of performance of three schedules of short periods of sleep (4 h) within extended periods without sleep (60 h). METHODOLOGYA central overall consideration and several specific ones 27shaped the design, measures, and analyses of these experiments. The central concern was the extent of operational performance decrements associated with sustained operations. The specific issues were: (1) effects on military command-level personnel, who are likely to be older and involved in cognitively demanding tasks, and (2) optimum use of some limited sleep time within continuous operations.The primary concern, that is, performance during sustained operations, dictated an extensive performance regimen. This was met by programming the presentation and data collection on a video display computer system. The tasks were administered by a Terak 8510/a microcomputer system, which incorporates a DEC LSI-U/2 microprocessor. The system controlled each of the two video terminals used to pres...

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“…Much of the literature supporting a decrease in physical skill and ability cited by the ACGME in the initiation of DHR was based on studies conducted in nonsurgeons (military personnel and college-aged volunteers) in the self-promoted sleep science literature. 2,9,15,31,43 Two studies of note tested the hypothesis of surgical technical errors occurring due to fatigue. This includes 1 study published prior to the DHR, which demonstrated only marginal reductions in surgical skills following a 24-hour call period in general surgery residents.…”

Section: Technique/trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On resident duty hour restrictions and neurosurgical training: review of the literature

Bina

Lemole

Dumont

2016

JNS

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W ithin neurosurgery, the national mandate of the 2003 duty hour restrictions (DHR) by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has been controversial at best. Ensuring the proper education, training, socialization, and psychological well-being of residents while fulfilling our primary purpose of patient care has generated an 11-year debate. Many of the formal medical disciplines have studied the effects that DHR have had on resident education and have developed strategies to address the often conflicting needs of education and service. These studies are, for the most part, cross-sectional studies at single institutions, and, although they provide insight into the controversy, they are not specifically relevant to the needs of a neurosurgical residency or a busy neurosurgical service. The recent implementation of the 2011 DHR specifically aimed at limiting interns to 16-hour duty shifts has proven to be more controversial and challenging across the nation for neurosurgical residencies-again bringing education and service needs into conflict.Each medical specialty is unique-although there is overlap in ideology and there is commonality in that all are composed of physicians. With this uniqueness come needs and demands that are not transposable across specialties. We believe that a one-size-fits-all approach to residency training mandated by the ACGME is not appropriate for the training of neurological surgery residents. In our opinion, an arbitrary and artificial timeline designed to limit resident fatigue limits patient care and technical training of neurosurgical residents, and has not improved patient safety. We will touch upon the topics of fatigue, technical training, and patient safety relative to the DHR as they specifically regard neurosurgical training, and review the literature relevant to these issues as they pertain to neurosurgical training, in the first review on this topic since the implementation of the 2011 DHR. Novel studies reviewed abbreviatioNs ACGME = Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; DHR = duty hour restrictions; OR = operating room. Within neurosurgery, the national mandate of the 2003 duty hour restrictions (DHR) by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has been controversial. Ensuring the proper education and psychological well-being of residents while fulfilling the primary purpose of patient care has generated much debate. Most medical disciplines have developed strategies that address service needs while meeting educational goals. Additionally, there are numerous studies from those disciplines; however, they are not specifically relevant to the needs of a neurosurgical residency. The recent implementation of the 2011 DHR specifically aimed at limiting interns to 16-hour duty shifts has proven controversial and challenging across the nation for neurosurgical residencies-again bringing education and service needs into conflict. In this report the current literature on DHR is reviewed, with special attention paid to n...

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Sleep loss, recovery sleep, and military performance

Cited by 89 publications

References 20 publications

Frontal Lobe Metabolic Decreases with Sleep Deprivation not Totally Reversed by Recovery Sleep

Frontal Lobe Metabolic Decreases with Sleep Deprivation not Totally Reversed by Recovery Sleep

Experiments on extended performance: Repetition, age, and limited sleep periods

On resident duty hour restrictions and neurosurgical training: review of the literature

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