Sleep Enhances Learning of a Functional Motor Task in Young Adults

Al‐Sharman, Alham; Siengsukon, Catherine

doi:10.2522/ptj.20120502

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Each session lasted around 2.5 hours. As sleep can enhance memory consolidation,18 participants were encouraged to sleep > 6 hours every night, and sleep was assessed with a questionnaire 19…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward and punishment enhance motor adaptation in stroke

Quattrocchi

Greenwood

Rothwell

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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Word count: 3492 2 ABSTRACTThe effects of motor learning, such as motor adaptation, in stroke rehabilitation are often transient, thus mandating approaches that enhance the amount of learning and retention. Previously, we showed in young individuals that reward-and punishment-feedback have dissociable effects on motor adaptation, with punishment improving adaptation and reward enhancing retention. If these findings were able to generalise to stroke patients, they would provide a way to optimize motor learning in these patients. Therefore, we tested this in 45 chronic stroke patients allocated in three groups. Patients performed reaching movements with their paretic arm with a robotic manipulandum. After training (day 1), day 2 involved adapting to a novel force-field. During this adaptation phase, patients received performance-based feedback according to the group they were allocated: reward, punishment or no feedback (neutral). On day 3, patients readapted to the forcefield but all groups now received neutral feedback. All patients adapted, with reward and punishment groups displaying greater adaptation and readaptation than the neutral group, irrespective of demographic, cognitive or functional differences. Remarkably, the reward and punishment groups adapted to similar degree as healthy controls. Finally, the reward group showed greater retention. This study provides, for the first time, evidence that reward and punishment can enhance motor adaptation in stroke patients. Further research on reinforcement-based motor learning regimes is warranted to translate these promising results into clinical practice and improve motor rehabilitation outcomes in stroke patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward and punishment enhance motor adaptation in stroke

Quattrocchi

Greenwood

Rothwell

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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“…In addition, skill acquisition and complex motor learning are crucial to achieve elite status in sport,87 both critical elements to the development of sporting talent. As improvements in these factors are enhanced following requisite durations of sleep due to ‘offline’ learning,88 89 the chronic premature truncation of optimal sleep durations may hinder a youth athlete's potential 90…”

Section: Other Considerations In Talent Identification and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and developing youth athlete potential: different strokes for different folks are warranted

Suppiah

Low²,

Chia

2015

Br J Sports Med

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Sport talent identification and development (TI and TD) in youth continues to attract strong interest among coaches, sport scientists and sport administrators. TI for sport in youth with the anticipation of future elite level sport achievement is both an art and a science, and is strongly influenced by within athlete and extraneous-to-athlete factors (ecosystem of support or the lack of). The returns from investment on current TI and TD models of sport in youth are subpar in that few continue in the sport to achieve podium positions at the elite sport level in adulthood. Why, where and how one succeeds in sport, and what that success means to the athlete and stakeholders are dependent on the culture and context of the country. We advocate harnessing the power of sport to help in youth development, to be holistic in its nurturance, to allow for individual idiosyncratic expressions of the athletes, to provide for talent transfer across sport, and to facilitate key stakeholders to 'join' hands to work for the common interest and understanding for as many youth and adults so as to provide them with opportunities through support and coaching to compete at the different levels of competition in sport. Governments, policy makers and administrators of sport must decide, within their specific circumstances, if TI and TD in sport in youth is serving a meaningful purpose and is a viable return on investment; in short, is it mission possible or is it… a quest for the Holy Grail for a podium finish in elite level sport competition?

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“…At the same time, however, to date, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the question as to what extent these findings can be generalized across the domain of sequential motor tasks. Only recently have a number of studies deliberately incorporated gross motor tasks (Genzel et al, 2012; Kempler and Richmond, 2012; Morita et al, 2012; Al-Sharman and Siengsukon, 2013; Malangré et al, 2014; Gudberg et al, 2015; Hoedlmoser et al, 2015; Malangré and Blischke, 2016). Here, it has repeatedly been argued that nearly all the paradigms used previously to study sleep-dependent offline motor learning have been limited to relatively “simple” tasks (e.g., finger-to-thumb opposition tasks; serial reaction time tasks; sequential finger tapping tasks) compared to the motor tasks usually performed in daily life and thus might have only limited implications for applied areas such as vocational training, sports and rehabilitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task Complexity Modulates Sleep-Related Offline Learning in Sequential Motor Skills

Blischke

Malangré

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Recently, a number of authors have advocated the introduction of gross motor tasks into research on sleep-related motor offline learning. Such tasks are often designed to be more complex than traditional key-pressing tasks. However, until now, little effort has been undertaken to scrutinize the role of task complexity in any systematic way. Therefore, the effect of task complexity on the consolidation of gross motor sequence memory was examined by our group in a series of three experiments. Criterion tasks always required participants to produce unrestrained arm movement sequences by successively fitting a small peg into target holes on a pegboard. The sequences always followed a certain spatial pattern in the horizontal plane. The targets were visualized prior to each transport movement on a computer screen. The tasks differed with respect to sequence length and structural complexity. In each experiment, half of the participants initially learned the task in the morning and were retested 12 h later following a wake retention interval. The other half of the subjects underwent practice in the evening and was retested 12 h later following a night of sleep. The dependent variables were the error rate and total sequence execution time (inverse to the sequence execution speed). Performance generally improved during acquisition. The error rate was always low and remained stable during retention. The sequence execution time significantly decreased again following sleep but not after waking when the sequence length was long and structural complexity was high. However, sleep-related offline improvements were absent when the sequence length was short or when subjects performed a highly regular movement pattern. It is assumed that the occurrence of sleep-related offline performance improvements in sequential motor tasks is associated with a sufficient amount of motor task complexity.

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Sleep Enhances Learning of a Functional Motor Task in Young Adults

Abstract: This study is the first to provide evidence that sleep facilitates learning clinically relevant functional motor tasks. Sleep is an important factor that physical therapists should consider when teaching clients motor skills.

Cited by 37 publications

References 68 publications

Reward and punishment enhance motor adaptation in stroke

Reward and punishment enhance motor adaptation in stroke

Detecting and developing youth athlete potential: different strokes for different folks are warranted

Task Complexity Modulates Sleep-Related Offline Learning in Sequential Motor Skills

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