Sleep cyclic alternating pattern and cognition in children: A review

Non-rapid eye movement sleep instability in mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study

“…Microstructure analysis suggested a global CAP rate reduction and correlation between worse cognitive functioning and decreased A1 subtypes, whereas increased arousability as expressed by A2 and A3 subtypes showed a particular specificity for Down syndrome [49][50][51]. Similar data have been reported in other developmental disabilities and in experimental models (reviewed elsewhere [27,52]). It is debatable whether CAP alterations could represent a pathogenetic contribute more information concerning the dynamic relation between sleep and dementia and seem to fit with the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis [55,56].…”

Dietary Prebiotics and Bioactive Milk Fractions Improve NREM Sleep, Enhance REM Sleep Rebound and Attenuate the Stress-Induced Decrease in Diurnal Temperature and Gut Microbial Alpha Diversity

“…We also discovered that the test diet enhanced NREM sleep and this was related to changes in a specific phylum of bacteria ( Deferribacteres ) in early-life. Given that sufficient NREM sleep (Fogel et al, 2012; Novelli et al, 2013) and proper nutrition (Aboud and Yousafzai, 2015) can impact brain development and function and that sleep problems are common in early-life (Kempler et al, 2015), it is possible that a diet rich in prebiotics started in early-life could help improve sleep, support the gut microbiota and promote optimal brain/psychological health.…”

Children with developmental dyslexia showed greater sleep disturbances than controls, including problems initiating and maintaining sleep

“…It is important to emphasise that, in our series, less than half of the children with dyslexia had sleep problems and it is therefore unlikely that sleep disorders can be a key causal factor. However, it is possible to hypothesise that there are associations between some sleep disorders and the severity of reading deficits, as suggested by studies on the role of sleep organisation in daily learning . A neurophysiological study showed an increase in slow spindles – sigma power at 11–12 Hz – in the sleep of dyslexic subjects that could be linked to a genetically more efficient thalamo‐cortical system or to the obliged early adoption of acquired strategies in order to compensate for their specific learning disability .…”