Sleep and wakefulness in the green iguanid lizard (Iguana iguana)

Alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

“…While the initial PR measured after induction of anaesthesia was similar to that obtained just prior to anaesthetic induction, PR was found to decrease with time during anaesthesia. This pattern may reflect an initial tachycardia induced by the stress of handling and a steady drop towards resting values (Ayala‐Guerrero & Mexicano 2008). We also observed tachypnoea in the restrained animals prior to induction, but alfaxalone caused significant respiratory depression, which gradually improved.…”

The phylogeny of sleep

“…SWS has not been reported in lizards (Figure 7.5), but two studies have suggested the presence of paradoxical sleep alternating with periods of quiet sleep not marked by slow waves (Tauber et al, 1968;Ayala-Guerrero and Mexicano, 2008). SWS has not been reported in lizards (Figure 7.5), but two studies have suggested the presence of paradoxical sleep alternating with periods of quiet sleep not marked by slow waves (Tauber et al, 1968;Ayala-Guerrero and Mexicano, 2008).…”

Two types of REM sleep: The atonic and brain REM sleep

“…Acquired early in evolution in platypus (Cai, 2015b;Siegel et al, 1998Siegel et al, , 1999, ostrich (Cai, 2015b;Lesku et al, 2011) and reptiles (AyalaGuerrero & Huitrón Reséndiz, 1991;Ayala-Guerrero & Mexicano, 2008) without desynchronized cortical activation, the atonic functions of REM sleep are responsible for the improvement of muscular efficiency in most species (Cai, 2015b), for the heat control in some species (Cai, 2015b), and for the adaptive immobility to avoid danger in caves in a few species (Meddis, 1975), while the brain functions of REM sleep requiring desynchronized cortical activation and acquired more recently in evolution responsible for assimilation of emotional memories (Baran et al, 2012;Groch et al, 2013;Menz et al, 2013;Nishida et al, 2009;Popa et al, 2010) and disinhibited drives (Cai, 1991;1995;2015a;Dement, 1969;Goldstein & Walker, 2014), and even for pathological generation of depression in humans (Dement, 1969;Goldstein & Walker, 2014;Palagini et al, 2013).…”