Sleep among Habitually Violent Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder

Lindberg, Nina; Tani, Pekka; Appelberg, Björn; Stenberg, Dag; Naukkarinen, Hannu; Rimón, Ranan; Porkka‐Heiskanen, Tarja; Virkkunen, Matti

doi:10.1159/000071215

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Additionally, those who reported more externalizing symptoms were more likely to experience poorer sleep quality than those scoring lower on these measures. This is in accordance with previous studies, which have shown that incarcerated individuals and those with personality disorders who commit aggressive acts have poorer sleep quality than individuals scoring lower on measures of ASB (Lindberg et al 2003 ;Ireland & Culpin, 2006 ;Semiz et al 2008). The present study extends this finding to members of the general population.…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Associations between diurnal preference, sleep quality and externalizing behaviours: a behavioural genetic analysis

et al. 2010

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Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.) Background. Certain aspects of sleep co-occur with externalizing behaviours in youth, yet little is known about these associations in adults. The present study : (1) examines the associations between diurnal preference (morningness versus eveningness), sleep quality and externalizing behaviours ; (2) explores the extent to which genetic and environmental influences are shared between or are unique to these phenotypes ; (3) examines the extent to which genetic and environmental influences account for these associations.Method. Questionnaires assessing diurnal preference, sleep quality and externalizing behaviours were completed by 1556 young adult twins and siblings.Results. A preference for eveningness and poor sleep quality were associated with greater externalizing symptoms [r=0.28 (95 % CI 0.23-0.33) and 0.34 (95 % CI 0.28-0.39), respectively]. A total of 18 % of the genetic influences on externalizing behaviours were shared with diurnal preference and sleep quality and an additional 14 % were shared with sleep quality alone. Non-shared environmental influences common to the phenotypes were small (2 %). The association between diurnal preference and externalizing behaviours was mostly explained by genetic influences Conclusions.A preference for eveningness and poor sleep quality are moderately associated with externalizing behaviours in young adults. There is a moderate amount of shared genetic influences between the phenotypes and genetic influences account for a large proportion of the association between sleep and externalizing behaviours. Further research could focus on identifying specific genetic polymorphisms common to both sleep and externalizing behaviours.

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Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Associations between diurnal preference, sleep quality and externalizing behaviours: a behavioural genetic analysis

et al. 2010

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“…It is problematic to extrapolate the findings in waking EEG to sleep EEG, but spectral profiles both in the ‰, , · and ß frequency bands of subjects' waking EEGs have been found to be highly correlated with their sleep EEGs [48]. In our previous PSG studies [17,18], both posterior (derivation O2-P4) ‰ and powers were significantly increased in the antisocial offenders compared with the healthy controls. The decline in SWS as well as in ‰ power, which in sleep architecture normally occurs in the course of aging, may be delayed in ASP -the idea associated previously with childhood ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a study by Ramos Platon et al [14], 13 non-medicated prepubertal children with ADHD displayed a higher slow wave sleep (SWS) percentage compared with normal age-matched controls. In our previous studies [17,18], habitually violent, homicidal offenders meeting the DSM-IV criteria for ASP and Cloninger type 2 alcoholism had increased amounts of SWS, particularly stage 4 (S4) sleep, as compared with age-and gender-matched healthy controls. Interestingly, ASP and childhood ADHD appear to be the only psychiatric disorders reported to associate with an increase in deep sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Controls were asked to avoid alcohol, drugs or medication for 2 weeks prior to the sleep examinations. Details of the subjects and controls have previously been published [17,18].…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage distribution of the total power in each frequency bin during various sleep stages had also been equal in antisocial offenders and the controls when the first half of the night was compared with the second half of the night. Details of the power analysis have previously been published [17].…”

Section: Sleep Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ADHD and Sleep in Homicidal Men with Antisocial Personality Disorder

et al. 2004

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A history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly found in subjects with antisocial personality disorder (ASP). Besides ASP, childhood ADHD also predicts drug abuse disorders and criminal activity in adulthood. Childhood ADHD and ASP appear to be the only psychiatric disorders reported to be associated with an increase in deep sleep. The aims of the present study were to retrospectively measure the childhood ADHD of habitually violent men with ASP and Cloninger type 2 alcoholism, and to characterize the possible relationship between childhood ADHD and sleep architecture in these men. The subjects of the study consisted of 14 homicidal offenders recruited from a forensic psychiatric examination. Ten age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Childhood ADHD symptoms were measured using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS). The main findings were that violent offenders with ASP had significantly higher mean WURS scores compared with controls, and both the absolute and percentage amount of stage 4 sleep as well as δ and Θ powers in this sleep stage were positively correlated with the WURS scores. The present study supports the idea that childhood ADHD is associated with the abnormal sleep architecture in habitually violent men with ASP. These two disorders seem to share, at least partly, the same central nervous system deficit.

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