Slavery in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia

Phillips, William D.

doi:10.9783/9780812209174

Cited by 82 publications

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“…Known as the Zanj Rebellion (247-261 ie), the highly disruptive uprising established fear throughout the Abbasid Caliphate that heavy reliance on slave labor would likely lead to further unrest and destabilize or destroy the empire (which was already under significant strain). In the aftermath of the revolt, the importation of slaves was significantly reduced, large concentrations of slaves were avoided, and the use of slaves shifted away from manual labor (Phillips 2013). Instead, throughout the Islamic Commonwealth period, female slaves served primarily as concubines and domestic servants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period

al‐Gharbi

2021

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

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Social science is often described as a product of nineteenth-century Europe and as a handmaiden to its imperial and colonial projects. However, centuries prior to the Western social science enterprise, Islamic imperial scholars developed their own “science of society.” This essay provides an overview of the historical and cultural milieu in which “Islamic” social science was born and then charts its development over time through case studies of four seminal scholars—al-Razi, al-Farabi, al-Biruni, and Ibn Khaldun—who played pivotal roles in establishing fields that could be roughly translated as psychology, political science, anthropology, and sociology. The axioms undergirding Islamic social science are subsequently explored, with particular emphasis paid to the relations between said axioms and the discursive tradition, “Islam.” The essay concludes with an exploration of how looking to social science enterprises beyond the “modern” West can clarify the purported relationships between social science and empire.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period

al‐Gharbi

2021

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

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“…In addition to the Abbasid period, many scholars have focused on slavery in medieval Iberia (see Phillips, 2014 and Blumenthal, 2021, for overviews). Iberia also had imperial concubinage (Barton, 2015; Ruggles, 2004), and its multi‐religious society has allowed scholars to study interfaith participation in captive exchange (Fancy, 2021) and the slave trade (Burns, 1999; Constable, 1996).…”

Section: Overview Of Islamicate Slaverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, gender and slavery in early Islamicate history

Urban

2022

History Compass

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Slavery was practiced in parts of the Islamicate world from the 7th through 21st centuries. Until the late 20th century, many authors claimed that Islamicate slavery was relatively benign and free from racism. However, recent scholarship has found evidence of race‐thinking in Islamicate history—particularly anti‐Black racism and an association between Blackness and enslavement—tracing back at least to the ninth‐century CE. Scholars still contest what racial categories or forms of race‐thinking existed in the first centuries of Islamicate history. The Quran is free from overt race‐thinking, but the Islamic conquests of the seventh and eighth centuries seem to have precipitated the articulation of new racialized categories and the application of old ones from the Biblical and Greek traditions. Considerations of gender further complicate the picture, as most of those enslaved in early Islamicate history were women, and many enslaved concubines bore children for their enslavers. The identity of these children was contested in the seventh century, but they seem to have defined themselves as full Arabs by the mid‐eighth century. Ultimately, the intersection of race, gender, and slavery in early Islamicate history is not a linear narrative, but a complex story of negotiation and contestation.

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“…In the thirteenth century, King Alfonso X's Siete Partidas responded to the resurgence of ancient Roman law in the Middle Ages and would precisely preserve this canonical influence by eventually infiltrating the colonial legislation on slavery in the Spanish colonies, 173 prescribing an emotional political economy in the Atlantic world. The Siete Partidas consolidated the notion of "slavery to passions" with the principle of "slavery to sin" through its legal conceptualization of "avarice.…”

Section:        mentioning

confidence: 99%