Slavery in Latin America

Abstract

Slavery is a social phenomenon traversing all times, cultures, and geographies which is practiced widely even today. The heritage of the slave trade and the uncanny wiping out of many Afro‐Latin American populations at the end of the nineteenth century through either war, criminalization, or pauperization sometimes acquires the characteristic of a veritable intellectual blockade which the current discourse of multiculturalism (which inherits the consolatory function of abolitionism) tries to appease.

Chapter 4: Amazonian ecosystems and their ecological functions

“…Pará (Grão Pará) is a large state located in the Amazon Delta. The Portuguese used Belém do Pará to control access to the Amazon River (Legrás 2016;Silva da Silva and Costa Barbosa 2020). At the end of the 17th Century, Belém became the capital of the Amazon region.…”

“…In both situations, Afro-descendants used agricultural strategies in which they imitated forest vegetation strata with diversified crops and incorporated agrobiodiversity among specific crops, which permitted adaptation to new tropical environments, including the Amazon. As a result, Maroon settlements in various parts of the Americas are considered refuges for high biodiversity, owing to local knowledge, rituals, and practices (Carney and Voeks 2003;Legrás 2016;Carney 2020). Popu-lations of African origin have made a significant contribution to sustainable resource management practices in the Amazon by drawing on traditional practices from tropical ecosystems in Africa and adapting them to tropical ecosystems in the Americas.…”

Capítulo 13: Presencia Africana en la Amazonía: Un Vistazo

“…En ambas situaciones, los afrodescendientes utilizaron estrategias agríco-las en las que imitaron los estratos de vegetación forestal con cultivos diversificados e incorporaron la agrobiodiversidad en medio de cultivos específicos, lo que permitió la adaptación a nuevos ambientes tropicales, incluyendo la Amazonía. Como resultado, los asentamientos cimarrones en varias partes de las Américas se consideran refugios de alta biodiversidad, debido a los conocimientos, rituales y prácticas locales (Carney y Voeks 2003;Legrás 2016;Carney 2020). Las poblaciones de origen africano han hecho una contribución significativa a las prácticas de manejo sostenible de los recursos en la Amazonía al basarse en prácticas tradicionales de los ecosistemas tropicales de África y adaptarlas a los ecosistemas tropicales de las Américas.…”