Slaughter and carcass traits of calves from first-cross and reciprocal back-cross beef cows

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. Activity of intestinal mucosal membrane carbohydrases in cattle of different breeds. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 441-446. A study was conducted to determine differences in length of intestinal villi and crypts and activity of mucosal carbohydrases of several breeds of beef cattle. Tissue samples, from three locations in the small intestine, were obtained from heifers and steers of Wagyu (W) × Angus (W × A), W × Hereford (W × H) and W × Holstein (W × O) crossbred cattle and from Holstein, Parthenais and Piedmontese steers at slaughter. In W × A cattle villi were shorter and crypts were longer (P < 0.05) than in cattle of other breeds. Mucosal protein concentration was highest (P < 0.05) in the mid-and distal intestinal regions in the W × A cattle. Maltase activity was highest (P < 0.05) for W × H heifers and least (P < 0.05) for W × A heifers in the proximal intestinal region. Holstein and Piedmontese steers had the highest ADG, and Holstein steers had the highest lactase activity in the mid-intestinal region. Lactase activity in the mid-intestinal region appeared to be weakly associated with ADG of cattle (r = 0.454, P = 0.015, n = 28). These data suggest that differences due to breed of cattle exist in villus and crypt lengths and mucosal carbohydrase activity; however, the influence of these intestinal parameters on cattle performance may be relatively small. . Chez les sujets W × A, les villosités étaient plus courtes et les cryptes plus longues (P < 0,05) que chez les autres groupes génétiques. Également chez les W × A la concentration protéique de la muqueuse atteignait des valeurs maximales (P < 0,05) dans les régions médiane et distale de l'intestin. La plus forte activité de la maltase (P < 0,05) était observée chez les génisses W × H et la plus faible (P < 0,05) chez les génisses W × A dans la région proximale de l'intestin. Les bouvillons Holstein et Piedmontais affichaient le GMQ le plus élevé, les premiers manifestant en outre la plus forte activité de la lactase dans la région intestinale médiane, quoique ces deux caractères ne soient que faiblement interreliés (r = 0,454, P = 0,015; n = 28). Ces observations portent à conclure qu'il y a effectivement des différences selon la race affectant la longueur des villosités et des cryptes intestinales ainsi que de l'activité des carbohydrases de la muqueuse. Il semble toutefois que l'influence de ces paramètres soit relativement faible.Mots clés: Villosité intestinale, crypte, cellobioase, maltase, lactase, bovin à viande Cattle breeds vary in their ability to grow and produce lean meat with different quality characteristics (Newman et al. 1994). It can be expected that this variation is related to genetic differences in their ability to acquire and partition nutrients from feed to different tissue components. Kreikemeier et al. (1990) found the type of diet and level of intake to significantly affect pancreatic weight and carbohydrate digesting enzyme abundance and activity in the small intestine. These authors studied steers of the Holstein and Longhorn bre...

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Activity of intestinal mucosal membrane carbohydrases in cattle of different breeds

Mir¹,

Bailey²,

Mir³

et al. 1997

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“…Marbling, i.e., the visible proportion and distribution of intramuscular fat in the longissimus dorsi muscle, is the most important factor affecting quality grade in the United States (Boggs et al 1998) and Canada (Newman et al 1994), which even opens markets for unconventional solutions such as the use of Wagyu crossbred cattle (Mir et al 1999). In Europe, the carcass value is solely determined by its conformation and fatness, and no such system exists for marbling as in the USDA quality grade system (USDA 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sources of variation influencing the use of real-time ultrasound to predict intramuscular fat in live beef cattle

Chambaz¹,

Dufey²,

Kreuzer³

et al. 2002

were used (i) to evaluate the precision of the ultrasound-predicted intramuscular fat (USIMF) and its sources of variation using the current Pie QUIP technology and (ii) to develop improved models for predicting USIMF. Steers were slaughtered when they reached the target value of 3.5% USIMF. Hide samples were obtained 3 d before slaughter by shot-biopsy. After slaughter, a sample of the longissimus muscle was used to determine actual chemical intramuscular fat (EEIMF), collagen content and solubility. Among the variables available during a chute-side scanning session, hide thickness and ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness at the 12th and 13th ribs were shown to be significantly correlated with EEIMF. These two variables were selected as possible independent variables to evaluate the construction of new models. The model with the best fit included USIMF, hide thickness and liveweight and had a standard error of prediction of 0.96%, which is similar to other published technologies. Breed group and collagen-related traits did not influence USIMF estimation. Finally, the revised Pie QUIP technology should be considered as one technology of choice to predict EEIMF content in live animals.

“…Carcass backfat was the average of three measurements: medial, middle, and lateral loin backfat at the 12th-13th rib site. Carcass marbling was scored on an inverse 10-point scale that specified 1 for maximum (very abundant) and 10 for devoid of marbling (Newman et al 1994). …”

Section: Backfat and Marblingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle

Mears¹,

Mir²,

Bailey³

et al. 2001

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. 2001. Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 65-73. Backfat depths, marbling scores, and concentrations of plasma insulin, cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were determined in 394 calves with and without Wagyu genetics. Hormone concentrations were determined three to five times for hormones between weaning and slaughter. Calves were weighed and backfat was ultrasonically determined at 28-d intervals, and assigned for slaughter when ultrasonic backfat depths approached 12 mm. Heifers weighed less (P < 0.001) and had more backfat (P < 0.05) and more marbling (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter. Breed influenced slaughter weight (P < 0.001) and average backfat depth (P < 0.001), with Wagyu/Angus and Wagyu/Hereford crosses and Angus purebreds generally having greater backfat depths and lower slaughter weights than other crosses and purebreds. Marbling scores were not affected by breed (P > 0.1), although Wagyu crosses had more marbling (P < 0.05) compared with purebreds when variability in marbling due to differences in backfat depth was removed. Plasma cortisol, T3 and T4 were affected by calf breed, although there were no clear patterns for groups of breeds or breed crosses. There was a slight trend (P < 0.2) towards higher insulin levels and lower cortisol, T3 and T4 levels in some groups of calves with more backfat. Higher mean levels (P < 0.05) of T3 and T4 were found in all but one group of animals with more marbling. Thus, thyroid hormones may have a role to play in enhancing marbling in cattle. Les génisses étaient moins lourdes (P < 0,001) que les bouvillons à l'abattage, mais elles présentaient plus de gras dorsal (P < 0,5) et un meilleur persillé (P < 0,05). La race influe sur le poids à l'abattage (P < 0,001) et une couche de gras dorsal d'épaisseur moyenne (P < 0,001), les hybrides Wagyu/Angus et Wagyu/Hereford et les Hereford purs se caractérisant généralement par une couche plus épaisse de gras dorsal et un poids plus faible à l'abattage que les autres croisements ou races pures. L'état du persillé n'est pas affecté par la race (P > 0,1), bien que les hybrides Wagyu présentent un meilleur persillé (P < 0,05) que les sujets de race pure quand on ne tient pas compte des variations attribuables aux fluctuations de l'épaisseur du gras dorsal. La concentration de cortisol, de T3 et de T4 dans le sang est affectée par la race du veau, même si aucune tendance ne se dessine clairement pour telle ou telle race ou certains croisements. On note une légère tendance (P < 0,2) à la hausse de la concentration d'insuline et à la baisse de la concentration de cortisol, de T3 et de T4 chez quelques groupes de veaux présentant une couche de gras dorsal plus épaisse. Tous les groupes caractérisés par un meilleur persillé sauf un présentaient une concentration moyenne plus élevée (P < 0,05) de T3 et de T4. Les hormones de la glande thyroïde pourraient donc jouer un rôle à ce niveau chez les bovins.