Activity of intestinal mucosal membrane carbohydrases in cattle of different breeds

Mir, P. S.; Bailey, D. R. C.; Mir, Z.; Jones, Steven; Douwes, H.; McAllister, Tim A.; Weselake, Randall J.; Lozeman, Fred J.

doi:10.4141/a96-097

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A positive correlation was observed between maltase activity and the depth of ileal crypts (r = 0.588; P = 0.027; n = 14). In contrast to our findings Mir et al (1997) noted differences in lactase acitivity. These differences might have resulted from the relatively longer villi in some breeds which might have influenced overall nutrient absorption in the animals.…”

Section: Carbohydrase Activitiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Kreikemeier et al (1990) studied the activity of carbohydrate digesting enzymes in Holstein and Longhorn bulls and observed it to be influenced by the type of diet and the level of feed intake. Mir et al (1997) considered the length of villi and crypts and mucosal carbohydrase activity to be an important factor in nutrient absorption; they recorded differences in these parameters between different cattle breeds, of which Holstein bulls had the highest lactase activity and the longest villi in the middle part of the intestine. ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of extensive and intensive feeding on the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as on the level of carbohydrase activity in the small intestine of growing ca�le.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle

Žitňan¹,

Kuhla²,

Nürnberg³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In ca�le, energy-rich feeding causes an increase in the size of rumen papillae and leads to considerable mucosa proliferation (Dirksen et al., 1984). In animals fed low and high energy diets rumen mucosa revealed progressive reduction and intensive proliferation, respectively (Dirksen et al., 1985). Intensity of rumen fermentation increases with the increasing intake of concentrate and simultaneously the occurring volatile fa�y acids promote the structural development of the rumen epithelium (Kauffold et al., 1977;Hofmann and Schnorr, 1982;Zitnan et al., 1998).So far, insufficient or no investigations at all have been carried out into the effects of the diet upon the development of small intestinal mucosa.According to Tivey and Smith (1989), changes in the development of enterocytes and in the structure of villi determine the digestive and absorptive capacity of the small intestine. Kreikemeier et al. (1990) studied the activity of carbohydrate digesting enzymes in Holstein and Longhorn bulls and observed it to be influenced by the type of diet and the level of feed intake. Mir et al. (1997) considered the length of villi and crypts and mucosal carbohydrase activity to be an important factor in nutrient absorption; they recorded differences in these parameters between different cattle breeds, of which Holstein bulls had the highest lactase activity and the longest villi in the middle part of the intestine. ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of extensive and intensive feeding on the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as on the level of carbohydrase activity in the small intestine of growing ca�le. Fourteen growing male bulls aged 5 months were divided into two feeding groups. The extensively fed animals were kept on pasture in the summer and in a stall in the winter whereas the intensively fed group was housed all the year long. The bulls were slaughtered 16 h a�er the last feeding at the age of 18 months. Rumen fluid samples and mucosa samples from the ventral ruminal sac and the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were subjected to analyses. Evaluation of rumen fermentation did not reveal significant differences between the groups, however, the molar proportions of propionic acid were increased in the intensively reared bulls. As to the activity of the individual carbohydrase enzymes (maltase, cellobiase, lactase) no significant differences could be stated between the groups. Comparison to the extensively reared group revealed that the length and width of papillae of the ventral ruminal sac was significantly increased in the intensively reared animals (P < 0.001) and so was the papillar surface per cm 2 of mucosa (P < 0.001). The length of duodenal villi in the intensive group was singnificantly increased (P = 0.026) whereas that of the jejuenal villi approached the limits of significance (P = 0.052) when compared to the extensive group. There were no significant differences in the depth of crypts, however, the crypts of the intensively reared animals were somewhat deeper. The lengt...

show abstract

Section: Carbohydrase Activitiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle

Žitňan¹,

Kuhla²,

Nürnberg³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, although intestinal tissue mass are not changed, the capacity for nutrient assimilation may be affected by the nutrients supplied to the small intestine as shown for the Na-glucose co-transporter in lambs (ShiraziBeechey et al, 1991). The density and length of the villi and the density and depth of the crypts are indicators of nutrient absorption rate (Mir et al, 1997), and the proximal part of the small intestines was found to be most responsive to changes in type of concentrate consumed (Mir et al, 1997;Zitnan et al, 2003). In the present experiment, the sizes of villi and crypts were not affected by type of concentrate used, but the number of jejunal villi and crypts increased in calves-fed EXP compared with TRA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Kosiorowska

Puggaard

Hedemann

et al. 2011

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective was to study the effect of type of concentrate with varying starch and fibre content on growth and gastrointestinal development in preweaned dairy calves. Thirty-two newborn Danish Holstein male calves were allocated to four treatment groups in eight blocks of four calves. An experimental low-starch, high-molasses, high-fibre (EXP) concentrate or a traditional high-starch (TRA) concentrate were fed either at a high (HIGH; 2 3 3.2 kg/day) or a low (LOW; 2 3 1.6 kg/day) whole milk allowance in a 2 3 2 factorial design. TRA contained 350 and EXP 107 g starch/kg dry matter (DM), whereas the NDF content was 136 and 296 g/kg DM, respectively. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 11.2 and 12.2 MJ ME/kg DM in EXP and TRA, respectively. All calves had free access to artificially dried grass hay (9.8 MJ ME/kg DM). Four calves were culled during the experiment. The calves were euthanized either at 38 (12 calves) or 56 days (16 calves) of age. Evaluated across both slaughter ages, there was no difference between TRA and EXP in concentrate and hay intake, rumen weight and papillation. EXP resulted in increased villi number in duodenum and jejunum compared with TRA. Concentrate intake and reticulo-rumen weight was higher for LOW compared with HIGH milk allowance, whereas live weight gain was 20% lower. The results show that a low-starch, high-molasses, high-fibre concentrate with 8% lower ME content tended to reduce daily gain compared with a traditional calf starter concentrate, but resulted in similar ruminal development in preweaned calves both on a high and a low milk allowance fed along with grass hay. Furthermore, the results suggest that the experimental concentrate stimulated intestinal villi growth over that of the traditional concentrate.

show abstract

“…This fact was confirmed by the positive correlation between the morphometric parameters of ruminal and intestinal mucosa (Zitnan et al, 2003). Mir et al (1997) considered the length of villi and depth of crypts and mucosal carbohydrase activity as an important factor in nutrient absorption. The authors found differences in these parameters between different cattle breeds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Morphology of small intestinal mucosa and intestinal weight change with metabolic type of cattle

Žitňan¹,

Voigt²,

Kuhla³

et al. 2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to investigate rumen fermentation, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and morphology of ruminal und intestinal mucosa in two cattle breeds of different metabolic type. From each breed six purebred German Holstein (H) bulls representing the secretion type and six Charolais (CH) bulls representing the accretion type were raised and fattened under identical conditions with semi ad libitum feeding of a high energy diet. The animals were used for a digestion trial started at nine months of age and animals were slaughtered at 18 months of age. Body weight (668 vs. 764 kg, P = 0.011), body weight gain (1 223 vs. 1 385 g/day, P = 0.043), and body protein gain (93 vs. 128 g/day, P = 0.001) were lower in H compared to CH bulls. Protein expense per kg protein accretion was higher in H bulls (13.8 vs. 10.2, P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in concentration and pattern of ruminal short chain fatty acid and in apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, and N-free extracts. There were no significant differencs in all morphometric traits of rumen mucosa between both cattle breeds. Compared to H, the villi of CH bulls were higher in duodenum (586 vs. 495 µm, P = 0.001) and proximal jejunum (598 vs. 518µm, P < 0.001), the crypt were deeper in duodenum (295 vs. 358, P < 0.001) and proximal jejunum (292 vs. 344 µm, P = 0.020). In contrast, the villi in ileum were higher in H (522 vs. 471 µm, P = 0.006). The weight of total small intestine, as percentage of total body weight, was 1.1 in H and 0.8 in CH (P = 0.002). The utilization of food crude protein was positively related to the duodenal (P = 0.001) and proximal jejunal villus height (P = 0.003) and to the duodenal crypt depth (P < 0.001) and negatively related to weight of small intestine (P = 0.004). It is concluded, that the higher growth potential and feed efficiency in CH bulls compared to H bulls is not caused by differences in digestion processes, but in size of small intestine, and morphology of small intestinal mucosa. Obviously the duodenum and proximal jejunum of CH bulls adapt to increase the absorptive surface due to the increase in nutrient demand.

show abstract

Activity of intestinal mucosal membrane carbohydrases in cattle of different breeds

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle

Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle

Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Morphology of small intestinal mucosa and intestinal weight change with metabolic type of cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About