Skin Wound Healing Process and New Emerging Technologies for Skin Wound Care and Regeneration

Abstract

Skin wound healing shows an extraordinary cellular function mechanism, unique in nature and involving the interaction of several cells, growth factors and cytokines. Physiological wound healing restores tissue integrity, but in many cases the process is limited to wound repair. Ongoing studies aim to obtain more effective wound therapies with the intention of reducing inpatient costs, providing long-term relief and effective scar healing. The main goal of this comprehensive review is to focus on the progress in wound medication and how it has evolved over the years. The main complications related to the healing process and the clinical management of chronic wounds are described in the review. Moreover, advanced treatment strategies for skin regeneration and experimental techniques for cellular engineering and skin tissue engineering are addressed. Emerging skin regeneration techniques involving scaffolds activated with growth factors, bioactive molecules and genetically modified cells are exploited to overcome wound healing technology limitations and to implement personalized therapy design.

Isoegomaketone from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt Stimulates MAPK/ERK Pathway in Human Keratinocyte to Promote Skin Wound Healing

“…Inadequate wound healing is a clinically urgent problem that needs to be addressed. Since wound healing depends on host status, it is usually poor in elderly people and patients with metabolic disorder [ 28 , 29 ]. In particular, wound repair is an important part of recovery after surgery or radiation therapy [ 30 ].…”

The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wound Repair and Regeneration

“…Besides, the process of healing is determined by different factors such as the patient's age, environment or the presence of other diseases. [31], [35], [36] A perfect healed wound is characterized by an area that returns to normal anatomical structure, appearance and function after the injury. In addition, a minimally healed wound is defined by the restoration of anatomical continuity without achieving sustained function results, which means that the wound can reappear.…”

Topographical and Biomechanical Guidance of Electrospun Fibers for Biomedical Applications

“…With the use of peptide-protein structures derived from plant and animal, it is possible to obtain biodegradable and biocompatible fibers. Collagen, keratin, fibroin, gelatin, and chitosan are the most used natural biomaterials of protein derivation and are proposed for tissue engineering [79]. Plant-derived proteins used in nanofiber production are zein, soy protein, and gluten, and animal derived proteins are keratin, fibroin, casein, hemoglobin, elastin, bovine serum albumin, collagen, and gelatin [80].…”