Skin Tumors in Childhood

Hamm, Henning; Höger, P.

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0347

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The risk that one of these complications may develop is estimated at 5-15 % for GCMN and is highest in the fi rst 5-10 years of life [ 9 ]. Other associations of CMN have been described (Table 27.6 ).…”

Section: Prognosis and Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the dimension of the risk of malignant degeneration differs widely on a case-by-case basis and depends on the size of the nevus, among other factors. The risk of malignant degeneration of small-and medium-sized CMN is low [ 9 ].…”

Section: Prognosis and Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Excision of CMN is considered to reduce the chance of MM or for cosmetic reasons • Benefi ts of early excision to prevent development of MM have not yet been proven • Surveillance is a reasonable option • Avoid extensive surgery that may result in deformity or compromised function • Partial thickness removal strategies may result in better cosmetic outcomes but do not reduce the risk of MM when more aggressive surgical procedures are not practical The treatment approach to CNM is the subject of continuing discussion, mainly because only the risk of tumor development on the cutaneous nevus can be reduced [ 9 ]. Excision of CMN before the development of malignant melanoma (MM) should be considered for two reasons: reduce the chances of MM development and cosmetic reasons [ 51 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If no neurocutaneous melanosis is present, most experts advise early and complete excision of large and giant CMN or at least to remove particularly striking or diffi cult to control areas at the end of the fi rst year of life [ 9 ]. Hamm Removal of giant CMN is technically diffi cult, and complete removal is often impossible [ 9 , 51 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Boente¹

2015

Pediatric Skin of Color

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Pigmentary nevi are the most common skin neoplasm found in humans with an incidence of 3 % in whites and 16 % in black infants at birth. The incidence of melanocytic nevi increases throughout infancy and adulthood, as well as at puberty, during pregnancy and with hormonal therapy. Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are defi ned as neural crest derived benign nevomelanocytic proliferations that are present at birth or in the few weeks of life. They are genetically determined and persist throughout life. Prevalence of CMN is 1-2.4 % of newborns; African and Japanese decent have higher incidence than Hispanics or whites and the incidence is 1:500,000. Prevalence of CMN is 1-2.4 % of newborns; African and Japanese decent have a higher incidence than Hispanics or whites and the incidence is 1:500,000. A new classifi cation for determining risks of adverse events in CMN includes the following criteria: satellite nevus count, anatomic localization, color heterogeneity, surface, rugosity, hypertrichosis, and dermal or subcutaneous nodules. They are more frequent on the trunk and extremities, brown-black in color, with small nodules and coarse hair, with a regular smooth and well demarcated border. Satellite melanocytic nevi are common. Proliferative nodules may appear within the nevus, which usually represent benign neurotization of the lesion.By dermatoscopy, the main pattern seen in congenital nevi is the so-called cobblestone pattern, constituted of large, angulated globules, resembling cobblestones. Excision of CMN before the development of malignant melanoma (MM) should be considered to reduce the chances of malignant melanoma development and cosmetic reasons, although it is technically diffi cult, and complete removal is often impossible.

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Section: Prognosis and Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognosis and Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Boente¹

2015

Pediatric Skin of Color

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“…МЕЛАНОМА КОЖИ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ Эпидемиология МК у детей и подростков -весьма редкая патология [7,10,11]. Так, в США заболеваемость составляет приблизительно 1-4% всех случаев злокачественных новообразований, но за пери-од с 1973 по 2001 г. статистические показатели в этих возрастных группах увеличились на 46%, а в возрастной группе от 15 до 29 лет МК оказалась наиболее частой солидной опухолью [12].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pigment Cell Skin Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents: Searching Skin Melanoma Diagnostic Markers

2016

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PD‐1 inhibition in congenital pigment synthesizing metastatic melanoma

Weyand

Mody

Rabah

et al. 2017

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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A newborn female child was born with a congenital pigment synthesizing melanoma of the scalp. Further workup revealed metastatic disease within the liver, lungs, and left tibia. Whole exome sequencing was performed on multiple samples that revealed one somatic mutation, lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C), at low allelic frequency but no v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), NF-1 mutation. Programmed death ligand 1 was moderately expressed.Treatment was initiated with the programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor nivolumab. The patient tolerated this treatment well with minimal toxicity. She is now over a year out from initial diagnosis, continuing on nivolumab, with stable disease. K E Y W O R D Scongenital, metastatic melanoma, PD-1 inhibition, pediatric, pigment synthesizing CASEA newborn female child was noted to have a dark raised scalp lesion (Fig. 1). The lesion expanded and became more raised. The patient underwent excisional biopsy. Initial pathology was consistent with malignant blue nevus. A second review revealed pigment synthesizing melanoma ( Fig. 2A), 7.3 mm in depth with 2 mitoses/mm 2 . There were positive margins but no ulceration or angiolymphatic invasion.Some areas were consistent with preexisting sclerotic blue nevus and there were overlapping features with malignant blue nevus. A chest radiograph was negative and abdominal ultrasound demonstrated two suspicious lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed six hepatic lesions. She underwent biopsy of these and pathology was consistent with metastatic melanoma (Fig. 2B). Brain MRI and bone marrow examination were negative. Whole body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging revealed disease in her left posterior cervical chain (standardized uptake value [SUV] 2.9), lung (SUV 2), liver (SUV 3.1), abdomen (SUV 9.24), and left tibia (SUV 10.4) with a pathologic fracture. Microarray analysis from the liver lesion identified a gain of chromosome 6 and chromosome 9. The patient's mother had remained healthy throughout the pregnancy without any melanoma history or concerning skin lesions on full dermatologic examination.The patient was enrolled on a prospective integrative clinical sequencing trial (PEDS-MIONCOSEQ) and underwent paired Abbreviations: MLL3, mixed lineage leukemia protein 3; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; PET, positron emission tomography

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Skin Tumors in Childhood

Abstract: Physicians need specialized knowledge in order to decide whether a skin tumor in a child should be excised, non-surgically treated, or further evaluated, or whether it can be safely left untreated because of the likelihood of spontaneous remission.

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Pigment Cell Skin Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents: Searching Skin Melanoma Diagnostic Markers

PD‐1 inhibition in congenital pigment synthesizing metastatic melanoma

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