Skin tissue repair: Matrix microenvironmental influences

Abstract

The process of repair of wounded skin involves intricate orchestration not only between the epidermal and dermal compartments but also between the resident and immigrant cells and the local microenvironment. Only now are we beginning to appreciate the complex roles played by the matrix in directing the outcome of the repair processes, and how this impacts the signals from the various cells. Recent findings speak of dynamic and reciprocal interactions that occurs among the matrix, growth factors, and cells that underlies this integrated process. Further confounding this integration are the physiologic and pathologic situations that directly alter the matrix to impart at least part of the dysrepair that occurs. These topics will be discussed with a call for innovative model systems of direct relevance to the human situation.

Keloids: The paradigm of skin fibrosis — Pathomechanisms and treatment

“…Under normal homeostatic conditions, wound repair is limited in its scope and intensity, with most wounds having fully matured within the span of several months to over a year. Fibrosis occurs when key repair processes become deregulated and/or accentuated, leading to excessive ECM accumulation, which can result in the formation of hypertrophic scars or keloids [12]. …”

“…In active wound healing, TGF-β is involved in a number of processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, collagen and matrix production and wound remodeling [36]. During hemostasis and inflammation, TGF-β secretion attracts further macrophages and enhances chemotaxis of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts while additionally modulating collagen and collagenase expression [12]. Many of these functions are mediated through SMAD signaling, a pathway through which TGF-β primarily acts [36].…”

Preparation of asiaticoside-loaded coaxially electrospinning nanofibers and their effect on deep partial-thickness burn injury

“…It involves multifactorial steps of cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue production and remodeling [21]. Inflammation followed by tissue repair is a complex physiological process aimed at restoring normal function after infection or wounding.…”

Metaloproteinasas de la matriz extracelular y su participación en el proceso de cicatrización

“…Se ha demostrado que en las células alveolares epiteliales pulmonares, las MMPs interactúan con la osteopontina, una glucoproteína que estimula a los fibroblastos y por lo tanto la síntesis de MEC, 12 lo cual potencia su acción 25 . Adicionalmente, la MMP-7 tiene una gran variedad de proteínas diana, incluyendo el colágeno IV, laminina, fibronectina, gelatina, elastina, entre otras proteínas 26,27 . Por otro lado, la MMP-26 se dedica principalmente a degradar diversos componentes de la MEC [28][29][30] .…”