Skin temperature evaluation by infrared thermography: Comparison of image analysis methods

Ludwig, Nicola; Formenti, Damiano; Gargano, Marco; Alberti, Giampietro

doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2013.09.011

Cited by 97 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This could be also related with higher muscle activity in chest muscles, and back muscles have larger areas for heat transfer due to exercise position on cycle ergometer. T skin is generally measured by contact thermistors [7]. But these covered contact skin thermistors inhibit heat loss from skin [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Balci

Başaran

Çolakoğlu

2016

Infrared Physics & Technology

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h i g h l i g h t sWe examined skin temperature changes in similar body surface area cohort. A structural relation was observed in skin temperature variations among participants. Temperature pattern of skin was different between maximal and submaximal exercise. Thermal kinetic analysing may be useful tool for monitoring thermoregulations. New method was examined for determining skin temperature by infrared thermography. Aims of this study were to examine our hypotheses assuming that (a) skin temperature patterns would differ between submaximal exercise (SE) and graded maximal exercise test (GXT) and (b) thermal kinetics of T skin occurring in SE and GXT might be similar in a homogenous cohort. Core temperature (T core ) also observed in order to evaluate thermoregulatory responses to SE and GXT. Eleven moderately to well-trained male athletes were volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 ± 6.9 kg; height: 181 ± 6.3 cm; body surface area 1.93 ± 0.1 m 2 ; body fat: 12.6% ± 4.2%; _ VO 2max : 54 ± 9.9 mL min À1 kg a r t i c l e i n f o À1). Under stabilized environmental conditions in climatic chamber, GXT to volitional exhaustion and 20-min SE at 60% of VO 2max were performed on cycle ergometer. Thermal analyses were conducted in 2-min intervals throughout exercise tests. T skin was monitored by a thermal camera, while T core was recorded via an ingestible telemetric temperature sensor. Thermal kinetic analyses showed that T skin gradually decreased till the 7.58 ± 1.03th minutes, and then initiated to increase till the end of SE (Rsqr = 0.97), while T skin gradually decreased throughout the GXT (Rsqr = 0.89). Decrease in the level of T skin during the GXT was significantly below from the SE [F (4, 40) = 2.67, p = 0.07, g p 2 = 0.211]. In the meantime, T core continuously increased throughout the SE and GXT (p < 0.05). Both GXT and SE were terminated at very close final T core values (37.8 ± 0.3°C and 38.0 ± 0.3°C, respectively; p > 0.05). However, total heat energies were calculated as 261.5 kJ/m 2 and 416 kJ/m 2 for GXT and SE, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, it seems that SE may be more advantageous than GXT in thermoregulation.In conclusion, T core gradually increased throughout maximal and submaximal exercises as expected. T skin curves patterns found to be associated amongst participants at both GXT and SE. Therefore, T skin kinetics may ensure an important data for monitoring thermoregulation in exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact thermistors have been widely used to evaluate T skin by using different body parts [7]. However, these contact thermistors cause technical complications by preventing the heat loss from the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Balci

Başaran

Çolakoğlu

2016

Infrared Physics & Technology

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“…For what concern method comparison, the significant difference between Troi and Tmax method at each stage of the trial (p<0.05) was due to the feature of Tmax method in considering pixels with maximal temperature values only [6]. The high value of Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrates the strength of the relationship between the two series of temperature obtained through Troi and Tmax method, as well as the Bland and Altman plot shows their good agreement [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Tmax method was calculated following the procedure already proposed [3,6]. Such procedure was previously used for calf temperature [6], while in this study it was used to obtain a reliable temperature of the thigh surface. One region of interest including all the muscles involved in exercise was selected for each thigh.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of image analysis methods in skin temperature measurements during physical exercise

Ludwig¹,

Formenti²,

Trecroci³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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The analysis of thermographic images in biomedical application is usually performed by different methods of averaging the values of pixel temperature inside a Region of Interest (ROI). We used a new method, based on maximal temperatures inside a ROI (Tmax), to evaluate temperature modifications during physical exercise in trained or untrained subjects. In this paper we analysed squat exercise effects on the thighs of 6 active subjects. Data were compared with those obtained with traditional method based on the average over an area in the anatomical part under investigation. The values of temperature measured before, during and after the exercise showed the same pattern with both methods. A slightly decrease in temperature during the exercise was followed by an increase during the recovery time. Bland and Altman statistical analysis confirmed the good agreement between the new method and the one based on the average considered as the gold standard. In this study we put in evidence the features of this analysis method specifically in human application.

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“…Therefore, it is possible to asseverate that the average temperature value on affected skin zone is decreased, the temperature gradient value of local skin zones is incremented, and the skin behaves as a healthy one with an infrared emission similar to a normal distribution. 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment technique for acne treatments based on statistical parameters of skin thermal images

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Acne vulgaris as an inflammatory disease, with an excessive production of subdermal fat, modifies the dynamics of the bloodstream, and consequently temperature, on the affected skin zone. A high percentage of this heat interchange is manifested as electromagnetic radiation with far-infrared wavelengths, which can be captured through a thermal imaging camera. A technique based on thermal image analysis for efficiency assessment in acne vulgaris is described. The procedure is based on computing statistical parameters of thermal images captured from the affected skin zone being attended by an acne treatment. The proposed technique was used to determine the skin thermal behavior according to acne severity levels in different acne treatment stages. Infrared images of acne skin zones on eight patients, diagnosed with acne vulgaris and attended by one specific acne treatment, were weekly registered during 11 weeks. The infrared images were captured until no more improvement in affected zones was detected. The obtained results suggest a direct relationship between the used statistical parameters, particularly first-and second-order statistics, and the acne vulgaris severity level on the affected zones.

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Skin temperature evaluation by infrared thermography: Comparison of image analysis methods

Cited by 97 publications

References 18 publications

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Comparison of image analysis methods in skin temperature measurements during physical exercise

Assessment technique for acne treatments based on statistical parameters of skin thermal images

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