Skin-Set, Wound Healing, and Related Defects

Lulai, Edward C.

doi:10.1016/b978-044451018-1/50064-6

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…In some cases, however, cell wall browning occurred in the absence of aberrant SPP accumulation, implying that this symptom preceded aberrant SPP accumulation. The suberized phellem is of vital importance in protecting the tuber from dehydration and from both bacterial and fungal pathogen infection (Lulai 2001;Lulai 2007). Lulai (2005) reported that infection of potato tuber vessel elements by Verticillium dahliae induced suberization of cells adjacent to the vessel elements despite the lack of physical wounding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…If the native periderm barrier is compromised by wounding, a closing layer will form underneath the wound surface consisting of newly suberized cortical cells. In addition, a wound periderm will form interior to the closing layer similar in its basic structure to the native periderm (Lulai 2001(Lulai , 2007.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells external to the phellogen layer differentiate into phellem cells, which suberize during maturation to form the protective skin of the tuber (Lulai 2001). Suberin is a specialized cell wall amendment consisting of poly(phenolic) and a poly(aliphatic) domains covalently linked together to provide a broad resistance to pathogen attack (Bernards 2002;Lulai 2007). If the native periderm barrier is compromised by wounding, a closing layer will form underneath the wound surface consisting of newly suberized cortical cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Pink Eye Symptoms and Cell Damage in the Tuber Periderm and Cortex

2008

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Pink eye (PE) is a tuber disorder that leads to processing complications and bud-end rot in storage. Despite the significance of PE for the potato processing industry, limited progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis of this disorder. Although the internal autofluorescence that characterizes PE has been described, the external symptoms of PE have not been well characterized or correlated with internal cellular symptoms. It is of vital importance to determine the physiological and cytological effects of PE in order to understand how it is caused and to develop effective management strategies to prevent the disorder. External symptoms progressed from pinkish discoloration around tuber eyes to water-soaked and corky patch lesions. Internal symptoms progressed from erratic browning around cortical cell walls to necrotic zones and cells with dark, circular inclusions. These areas often became surrounded by an internal PE-related periderm, while the native periderm often became compromised or lost. Vital staining with fluorescein diacetate showed that cortical and periderm cells underneath the native phellem became non-viable in PE tissue. Immunolocalization of homogalacturonan and extensin epitopes indicated that these cell wall polymers were not altered in pink eye afflicted tissues. These results conclusively show that the PE disorder results in or is caused by cell death in tissue underneath the native phellem, but does not lead to either cell wall breakdown or extensin deposition which is often characteristic of pathogen activity.Resumen El ojo rosado (PE por sus siglas en inglés), es un desorden que lleva a complicaciones en el procesamiento y una pudrición del terminal de la yema en almacenamiento. A pesar del significado del PE para la industria, se han hecho avances limitados para comprender la base fisiológica de este desorden. Aunque ha sido descrita la autofluorescencia que caracteriza al PE, los síntomas externos no han sido bien caracterizados o correlacionados con los síntomas celulares internos. Es de importancia fundamental determinar los efectos fisiológicos y citológicos del PE, con el objeto de comprender como es causado y poder desarrollar estrategias de manejo para prevenir este desorden. Los síntomas externos desarrollaron a partir de una ligera decoloración rosada alrededor de los ojos y se convirtieron en lesiones corchosas húmedas. Los síntomas internos pasaron de un oscurecimiento irregular alrededor de la pared de las células corticales a zonas necróticas y células con inclusiones circulares oscuras. Estas áreas a menudo estaban circundadas por un peridermo relacionado con el PE, mientras que el peridermo nativo a menudo se vio comprometido o perdido. La coloración vital con acetato de fluoresceína mostró que las células corticales y del peridermo debajo del felema no estaban viables en el tejido con PE. La inmuno localización de homogalacturonan y epitopes de extensina indicaron que estos polímeros de la pared celular no fueron alterados en el tejido afectado por ojo ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Pink Eye Symptoms and Cell Damage in the Tuber Periderm and Cortex

2008

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“…1 These processes appear to be ubiquitous mechanisms of WH in plants, 2 moreover they are crucial in durable wound protection. 1 The importance of the signals regulating WH is underscored by the critical nature of the constituent processes.The biological processes involved in the rapid reduction in water vapor loss directly after wounding are important in preventing desiccation during healing, presumably through accumulation of waxes at the wound site. 3-5 Also, accumulation of waxes and other aliphatic compounds has been shown to be involved in reduction of water vapor loss during maturation of fully formed native periderm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processes of suberization and associated wax accumulation are commonly considered to be synonymous with WH. 1 These processes appear to be ubiquitous mechanisms of WH in plants, 2 moreover they are crucial in durable wound protection. 1 The importance of the signals regulating WH is underscored by the critical nature of the constituent processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals involved in tuber wound-healing

Lulai

Suttle

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The induction and regulation of wound-healing (WH) processes in potato tubers and other vegetables are of great nutritional and economic importance. The rapid accumulation of waxes to restrict water vapor loss and formation of suberin barriers to block infection are crucial components of WH. Recently we determined the regulatory involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in WH. In this addendum we integrate and interpret features from this recent research with additional information on ABA and data on the association of jasmonic acid (JA) in tuber WH. Results show that wounding dramatically increased tuber ethylene production and ABA and JA content. Blockage of wound-induced ABA biosynthesis and ethylene action/biosynthesis showed that ABA is a potent regulator in reduction of water vapor loss and hastening of suberization while ethylene had no discernable effect. The collective results also imply that ethylene has no effect on ABA regulation of WH. JA content in dormant and non-dormant minitubers is very low (≤l ng gFW -1 ) but rapidly increases upon wounding then decreases, all before wound-induced ABA or ethylene accumulation reach their maxima. Results gathered to date do not support a role for ethylene in potato tuber WH but do implicate ABA in this process. Although JA content increases rapidly after wounding, its role in tuber WH remains speculative.Wound-healing involves a broad range of biological processes induced and regulated by poorly defined cognate signals. The processes of suberization and associated wax accumulation are commonly considered to be synonymous with WH. 1 These processes appear to be ubiquitous mechanisms of WH in plants, 2 moreover they are crucial in durable wound protection. 1 The importance of the signals regulating WH is underscored by the critical nature of the constituent processes.The biological processes involved in the rapid reduction in water vapor loss directly after wounding are important in preventing desiccation during healing, presumably through accumulation of waxes at the wound site. 3-5 Also, accumulation of waxes and other aliphatic compounds has been shown to be involved in reduction of water vapor loss during maturation of fully formed native periderm. 6,7 Desiccation and resulting death of cells at and near the wound surface would terminate the cellular responses necessary for induction of WH processes that protect underlying parenchyma tissues. The accumulation of suberin poly(phenolic(s)) (SPP) and suberin poly(aliphatic(s)) (SPA) during WH is important because these biopolymers provide robust barriers to bacterial and fungal infection respectively. [8][9][10] The signaling mechanisms regulating the formation and deposition of these biopolymers are economically important areas of research. Until recently, regulation of these processes had largely been suggested through correlative studies. However, our recent work employed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection coupled with inhibition of regulator action or biosynthesis to determine if...

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