Skin Roughness Assessment

Tchvialeva, Lioudmila; Zeng, Haishan; Markhvida, Igor V.; McLean, David I.; Lui, Harvey; Lee, Tim K.

doi:10.5772/7611

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…For the volar forearm, this lower variation does correspond to the greater consistency in dielectric constant found by [6]. Moreover, this site is also reported by Tchvialeva et al [8] to present the most consistent values of skin roughness, and the least variation with age and gender, of sites studied. Largely because of its importance to the cosmetics industry, skin roughness has been studied for many years using a variety of techniques, traditionally based on measurement of molded polymer replicas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…These traditional techniques have significant limitations, however. The results in [8], obtained using a more recent technique based on optical speckle measurements, are useful in interpreting the present sub-millimeter scattering measurements because of their comparison of absolute rms roughness values from different body sites, ranging from 15 um to 50 um.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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650 GHz bistatic scattering measurements on human skin

2014

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Many groups are developing submillimeter cameras that will be used to screen human subjects for improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other threat items hidden beneath their clothing. To interpret submillimeter camera images the scattering properties, specifically the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) must be known. This problem is not trivial because surfaces of man-made objects and human skin have topographic features comparable to the wavelength of submillimeter radiation -thus simple, theoretical scattering approximations do not apply. To address this problem we built a goniometer instrument to measure the BSDF from skin surfaces of live human subjects illuminated with a beam from a 650 GHz synthesized source.To obtain some multi-spectral information, the instrument was reconfigured with a 160 GHz source. Skin areas sampled are from the hand, interior of the forearm, abdomen, and back. The 650 GHz beam has an approximately Gaussian profile with a FWHM of approximately 1 cm. Instrument characteristics: angular resolution 2.9º; noise floor -45 dB/sr; dynamic range > 70 dB; either s or ppolarization; 25º ≤ bidirectional-scattering-angle ≤ 180º; The human scattering target skin area was placed exactly on the goniometer center of rotation with normal angle of incidence to the source beam. Scattering power increased at the higher frequency. This new work enables radiometrically correct models of humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

650 GHz bistatic scattering measurements on human skin

2014

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“…(Al) could be determined. For skin with Êskin w 130 kPa, trough ^ 140 ^im [11], average /irough ~ 55 ßm [12], and w^pace =0.65 mm, £7EES ~ 0.27 x 10"' N-m for FS-EES, M' .pecc =0.40 mm, EZEES ^4.6 x 10"^ N-m for IPS-EES, the localized deformation energy from Eq. (Al) is very small compared to the bending energy from Eq.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…)The interfacial adhesion energy is the work of adhesion multiplied by the contact area, case of /trough ~ ^Arough in experiments[8]. Minimization of the total energy then gives analytically the maximum deflection of EES as with Êskin « 130 kPa, Apough ~ 140 ßm[11] and average /¡rough ~ 55 ^im[12], and Eq. (11) gives the maximum deñection to be ~40 ßm foiJ^S-EES (£7EES ~ 0.27 x 10"' N-m) and 0.85 ßm for IPS-EES (£/EES ~ 4.6 x 10"^ N-m).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Epidermal Electronics

Wang¹,

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Mechanics

173

139

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Epidermal electronic system (EES) is a class of integrated electronic systems that are ultrathin, sofi, and lightweight, such that it could be mounted to the epidermis based on van der Waals interactions alone, yet provides robust, intimate contact to t/ie skin. Recent advances on this technology will enable many medical applications such as to monitor brain or heart activities, to monitor premattire babies, to enhance the control ofprosthetics, or to realize human-machine interface. In particular, the contact between EES and the skin is Icey to high-peiformance fiinctioning of the above applications and is studied in this paper. The mechanics concepts that lead to sucressful designs of EES are also discussed. The results, validated by finite element analysis and experimental obsei-vations, provide simple, analytical guidelines for design and optimization of EES with various possible functionalities.

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“…For the noninvasive assessment of skin roughness, indirect replica-based techniques and direct in vivo techniques are in use [24,25]. Although fast and convenient direct methods that are appropriate for the clinical setting have been developed based on interference fringe profilometry and the use of CCD cameras [26,27,28], the preparation of replicas remains the most frequently used technique with a vast body of data available [3,4,5,8,10,12,13,17,18,29,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Surface Topography and Texture Analysis of Sun-Exposed Body Sites in View of Sunscreen Application

Korn

Surber²,

Imanidis

2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: To determine the roughness of the surface of human skin at highly sun-exposed anatomical sites in a wide age range in order to derive consequences for sunscreen application. Methods: The forehead, cheek, nose, shoulder, and dorsal hand of 4 age groups (0-9, 20-39, 40-59, and >60 years) were investigated by replica formation, and areal topography was determined by confocal chromatic imaging. The arithmetic mean height as a roughness parameter and the void volume of the surface profile were calculated. Results: Age and site had a significant effect on roughness. Both the dorsal hand and nose exhibited the greatest roughness over the age of 40, and the forehead of the youngest age group exhibited the smallest roughness. Differentiation between sites progressed with age, whereas roughness increased significantly with age for the dorsal hand and nose but not for the other sites. The void volume was smaller than the volume corresponding to the typically recommended amount of sunscreen application except for the cases of largest roughness. Conclusions: Different site-age combinations show significant variation of skin surface roughness. The application of sunscreen may in some instances need to be adjusted to take into account the increased roughness of highly sun-exposed anatomical sites.

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Skin Roughness Assessment

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

650 GHz bistatic scattering measurements on human skin

650 GHz bistatic scattering measurements on human skin

Mechanics of Epidermal Electronics

Skin Surface Topography and Texture Analysis of Sun-Exposed Body Sites in View of Sunscreen Application

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