Skin Replication Procedure for the Scanning Electron Microscope

Bernstein, Emil; Jones, Chase Breese

doi:10.1126/science.166.3902.252

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These resins were chosen beeause of their viscosity, availability, and, in some cases. previous documented usage (Bernstein & Jones 1969, Pameijer 1979. With the exception of Elasticon, for each resin obtained commercially the catalyst that was supplied with the resin was used for polymerization.…”

Section: Results and Discnssionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition difficulties were encountered in separating the negative and the positive casts. To circumvent these problems, polyethylene was evaluated for use as the positive replieating material (Bernstein & Jones 1969).…”

Section: Results and Discnssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports which followed included the use of scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) to visualize the surfaee of skin from replicas formed from a variety of materials. Procedures for generatitig negative replicas include the use of silieone resins and a variety of dental impression materials (Sarkany & Gaylarde 1968, Bernstein & Jones 1969. Methods reported for casting positives from negatives included the use of polyethylene pellets (Quattrone & Laden 1976), styrene plastic (Marks 1978), epoxy (Swift 1971), and Spurr embedding resin (Spurr 1969).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A replica technique for the evaluation of human skin by scanning electron microscopy

1983

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A detailed reproducible procedure has been developed for the replication of human skin for scanning electron-microscopic evaluation. Utilizing a test surface, a number of negative and positive materials were evaluated for consistence and clarity of replication. Optimal replication parameters were determined and the method was successfully applied to the evaluation of human skin in vivo. Furthermore, a method was established which permitted repetitive examination of selected skin sites. Experimental results suggest that this replicating procedure can be used to monitor changes in the stratum corneum over time, and extend the range of stratum corneum magnifications.

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Section: Results and Discnssionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Results and Discnssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A replica technique for the evaluation of human skin by scanning electron microscopy

1983

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“…This was evacuated three times to a pressure of 50 cm Hg abs. to remove air bubbles as recommended by Bernstein & Jones (1969).…”

Section: E T H O Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for the replication of articular cartilage surfaces suitable for the scanning electron microscope

Clarke

1971

Journal of Microscopy

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“…For over eight decades it has been known that specific plant species have definite leaf cells, e.g., bundle sheath cells, which contain chloroplasts whereas similar cells in other species 1 This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB 7772. 2 Recipient of a postdoctoral research fellowship from the United States Public Health Service.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Leaves and a Scanning Microscopy Study of the Internal Leaf Cell Morphology

Edwards

Black

1971

Plant Physiol.

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Slack (15,27) directed the efforts of research workers to correlate leaf anatomy with CO2 fixation cycles (9, 18). Species which utilize the C4-cycle possess chloroplast-containing bundle sheath cells while species which only utilize the pentose cycle of photosynthesis do not.In the early enzyme studies of Hatch and Slack (15, 18, 27) both PEP-carboxylase and RuDP-carboxylase were detected in crude leaf extracts of C4-cycle plants. The level of RuDP-carboxylase was only about one-tenth the rate of leaf photosynthesis; thus the pentose cycle was not given a major role in photosynthetic CO2 fixation in these plants. However, recent data on the level of RuDP-carboxylase indicated that these early studies were in error and the pentose cycle may play a major role in photosynthesis in C4-cycle plants (3,4,10). Since the anatomical studies indicated that two types of photosynthetic cells were present in the same leaf and the biochemical studies indicated that two carboxylases were present, we reasoned that in order to characterize leaf photosynthesis in C4-cycle plants one must examine the metabolism of each cell type. Recently, we presented some biochemical studies with Digitaria sanguinalis on the isolated photosynthetic cell types, demonstrating that each cell type has a characteristic metabolism (10). This manuscript presents a technique for separating mesophyll cells, bundle sheath strands, and bundle sheath cells from fully differentiated leaves of D. sanguinalis. Microscopic evidence for separation is presented and further data on the internal leaf anatomy of C4-cycle plants is presented.Since a large body of literature is available on various aspects of spinach metabolism, particularly photosynthesis, we also developed a technique for isolating mesophyll cells from spinach leaves which we utilize as being typical of cells containing the pentose cycle of photosynthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Skin Replication Procedure for the Scanning Electron Microscope

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

A replica technique for the evaluation of human skin by scanning electron microscopy

A replica technique for the evaluation of human skin by scanning electron microscopy

A method for the replication of articular cartilage surfaces suitable for the scanning electron microscope

Isolation of Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Leaves and a Scanning Microscopy Study of the Internal Leaf Cell Morphology

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