Skin Phantoms for Microwave Breast Cancer Detection: A Comparative Study

Kranold, Lena; Boparai, Jasmine; Fortaleza, Leonardo; Popović, Milica

doi:10.1109/jerm.2021.3084126

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…So far, the results obtained provide a clear reference to the heterogeneous behavior of biological tissues, offering valuable reference data [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, it is essential to conduct more detailed analyses for each type of tumor, as has been initiated in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Conversely, nonpolar compounds, like adipose tissues, exhibit low permittivity [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. These characteristics provide valuable information for identifying unwanted pathologies such as breast cancer, among other applications [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Various research groups have focused on leveraging tissue contrast between benign and malignant breast cancer for many years, and recently several systems have been implemented in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric Characterization of Ex-Vivo Breast Tissues: Differentiation of Tumor Types through Permittivity Measurements

Fernández-Aranzamendi,

Castillo-Araníbar,

San Román Castillo

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Early analysis and diagnosis of breast tumors is essential for either quickly launching a treatment or for seeing the evolution of patients who, for instance, have already undergone chemotherapy treatment. Once tissues are excised, histological analysis is the most frequent tool used to characterize benign or malignant tumors. Dielectric microwave spectroscopy makes use of an open-ended coaxial probe in the 1–8 GHz frequency range to quickly identify the type of tumor (ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma and fibroadenoma). The experiment was undertaken with data from 70 patients who had already undergone chemotherapy treatment, which helped to electrically map the histological tissues with their electric permittivity. Thus, the variations in the permittivity of different types of tumors reveal distinctive patterns: benign tumors have permittivity values lower than 35, while malignant ones range between 40 and 60. For example, at a frequency of 2 GHz, the measured permittivity was 45.6 for ductal carcinoma, 33.1 for lobular carcinoma, 59.5 for mucinous carcinoma, and 27.6 for benign tumors. This differentiation remains consistent in a frequency range of 1 to 4.5 GHz. These results highlight the effectiveness of these measurements in the classification of breast tumors, providing a valuable tool for quick and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Characterization of Ex-Vivo Breast Tissues: Differentiation of Tumor Types through Permittivity Measurements

Fernández-Aranzamendi,

Castillo-Araníbar,

San Román Castillo

et al. 2024

Cancers

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“…Here, the skin is not a uniform tissue but rather is multilayered consisting of the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis with sweat glands or moles. Its appearance differs, depending on its location on the body. − Thus, making complex and well-reproduced skin phantoms, such as parafilm-attached gels, have a role in the analysis of skin responses to physical stimuli by perforation and neutron beams and in the analysis of chemical compositions such as glucose by microneedles. , In addition, simulations of complex structures with cancer embedded in the skin enable tumor exploration. − However, the microwave-based glucose sensing methods developed so far have been mostly for uniform materials rather than for multilayer structures, − and some phantoms suffer dielectric loss differences below 1 GHz, making perfect dielectric matching difficult; the parafilm-gel phantom also needs further adjustments for radio waves. Therefore, noninvasive glucose sensing requires a multilayer skin phantom for microwaves and an analysis method for detecting slight amounts of glucose in a complex skin environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Glucose Sensing in Dielectrically Equivalent Multilayer Skin Phantoms

Fukada,

Nakamura,

Tajima

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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The interstitial fluid of the skin contains glucose levels comparable to those of blood. Noninvasive glucose sensing by microwaves has great potential to relieve diabetics from the burden of daily blood sampling, but improving the selectivity of this method remains a challenge. This study reports a dielectrically equivalent multilayer skin phantom and provides insight into the criteria for noninvasive glucose sensing by conducting dielectric analysis. The skin phantom was a hydrogel composed of gelatin, glucose, sodium chloride, and water covered by paraffin-impregnated paper. Investigations conducted on a wide range of component concentrations revealed characteristic relative permittivity and dielectric loss determined by the amount of electrolyte and solution that was independent of the amount of glucose. Since the microwave response due to glucose tends to be buried in noise, we developed a flowchart that first identifies the amounts of electrolytes and proteins, which are the major components other than glucose, and then quantifies the remaining glucose content. This noninvasive glucose sensing method would not be limited to the medical healthcare field; it could potentially be used in food manufacturing processes, livestock farming, and plant cultivation management.

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Liquid Based Phantom Preparation and Dielectric Characterization for Breast Cancer Imaging

Singh

Gupta

2023

2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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Skin Phantoms for Microwave Breast Cancer Detection: A Comparative Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Dielectric Characterization of Ex-Vivo Breast Tissues: Differentiation of Tumor Types through Permittivity Measurements

Dielectric Characterization of Ex-Vivo Breast Tissues: Differentiation of Tumor Types through Permittivity Measurements

Noninvasive Glucose Sensing in Dielectrically Equivalent Multilayer Skin Phantoms

Liquid Based Phantom Preparation and Dielectric Characterization for Breast Cancer Imaging

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