A two port multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) is proposed with circularly polarized radiation. The antenna geometry allows to find circular polarization and improved impedance bandwidth by reducing the separation between the DR elements. The isolation between the ports of the antenna remains more than 15 dB in the operating passband even after reducing the separation between the radiating elements. The antenna provides the 10-dB impedance and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 34.85% and 4.55%, respectively. The MIMO performance of the proposed antenna is confirmed by calculating the parameters like envelop correlation coefficient, diversity gain, mean effective gain, channel capacity loss, and the total active reflection coefficient. The proposed antenna can be utilized for C-band applications.
Objective: Stigma towards COVID-19 patients has been reported in various media news, including negative behaviour among healthcare workers (HCWs) towards COVID-19 patients, which could affect the professional quality of life for these HCWs. AIMS: We aimed to assess stigma related to COVID-19 patients among HCWs and explore its impact on their professional quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was carried out among 421 HCWs (health assistants 35.6%, nurses 33%, doctors 23.3% and paramedics 8.1% and 52.7% female), working in health facilities in Nepal. The measures included background characteristics, stigma in terms of -discrimination towards COVID-19 patients, acceptance of COVID-19 patients and fear of COVID-19, and professional quality of life in terms of work satisfaction, burnout and fatigue. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilised to analyse the data in SPSSvs20. Results: While around two-thirds of study participants showed a discriminating attitude towards patients with COVID-19, half showed a negative attitude towards acceptance of patients with COVID-19, and a fifth reported fear of COVID-19. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that while the presence of fear of COVID-19 was associated with low satisfaction, low burnout and low fatigue, an attitude of acceptance of COVID-19 patients was also associated with low burnout and low fatigue, and a discriminatory attitude towards COVID-19 patients was associated with only low satisfaction. Conclusion: Strategies directed towards reducing the fear and discrimination towards patients with COVID-19, and enhancing a positive attitude of acceptance of patients among HCWs, in order to enable an environment for reducing their burnout, fatigue and increasing work satisfaction are recommended.
The current breast cancer detection techniques are mostly invasive and suffer from high cost, high false rate and inefficacy in early detection. These limitations can be subdued by development of non-invasive microwave detection system whose performance is predominantly dependent on the antenna used in the system. The designing of a compact wideband antenna and matching its impedance with breast phantom is a challenging task. In this paper, we have designed a compact antenna matched with the breast phantom operating in wideband frequency from 1 to 6 GHz capable to detect the dielectric (or impedance) contrast of the benign and malignant tissue. The impedance of the antenna is matched to a cubically shaped breast phantom and a very small tumor (volume=1 cm3). The antenna is tuned to the possible range of electrical properties of breast phantom and tumour (permittivity ranging from 10 to 20 and conductivity from 1.5 to 2.5 S/m). The return loss (S11), E-field distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) are simulated. The operating band of antenna placed near the phantom without tumor was found to be (1.11-5.47)GHz and with tumor inside phantom is (1.29-5.50)GHz. Results also show that the SAR of the antenna is within the safety limit.
Background Estimates of depression in suicidal behavior in South Asia would help to formulate suicide prevention strategies in the region that hasn't been assessed yet. Objectives We aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of depression in fatal and non-fatal attempts of suicide in eight South Asian countries. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO by specific search terms to identify articles assessing depression in fatal and non-fatal attempts of suicide in South Asian countries published between 2001 and 2020. Two separate meta-analyses were conducted for fatal and non-fatal attempts. Due to the high heterogeneity of studies (96–98%), random-effects models were used to calculate pooled prevalence rates. Results A total of 38 studies was identified from five south Asian countries (India [27], Pakistan [6], Sri Lanka [3], Nepal [1], and Bangladesh [1]). The majority of studies (n = 27) were published after 2010. Twenty-two studies reported non-fatal attempts, and sixteen reported suicide. The prevalence of depression among non-fatal attempts ranged from 14% to 78% where the pooled prevalence rate was 32.7% [95% CI 26–39.3%]. The prevalence of depression among suicides ranged from 8% to 79% where the pooled prevalence estimate was 37.3% [95% CI 26.9–47.6%]. Conclusions This review revealed the pooled prevalence of depression among fatal and non-fatal suicidal attempts in South Asian countries, which seems to be lower when comparedto the Western countries. However, a cautious interpretation is warranted due to the heterogeneity of study methods, sample size, and measurement of depression.
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