Skin Mechanics

Oomens, C.W.J.; Vijven, Marc van; Peters, Gwm Gerrit

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804009-6.00016-x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Building upon the advancements and methodologies presented in synthetic fingerprint generators, it is essential to address the challenges and intricacies associated with the physical synthesis of fingerprint targets. While synthetic fingerprint generation has made significant strides in simulating intricate patterns and characteristics of human fingerprints, and the mechanical understanding of the human skin has matured [22,23], transitioning from digital simulations to tangible, physical entities introduces numerous challenges.…”

Section: Physical Fingerprint Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Synthetic, Physical Fingerprint Targets

Ruzicka,

Strobl,

Bergmann

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Biometric fingerprint identification hinges on the reliability of its sensors, however, calibrating and standardizing these sensors poses significant challenges, particularly in regard to repeatability and data diversity. To tackle these issues, we propose methodologies for fabricating synthetic 3D fingerprint targets, or phantoms, that closely emulate real human fingerprints. These phantoms enable the precise evaluation and validation of fingerprint sensors under controlled and repeatable conditions. Our research employs laser engraving, 3D printing, and CNC machining techniques, utilizing different materials. We assess the phantoms' fidelity to synthetic fingerprint patterns, intra-class variability, and interoperability across different manufacturing methods. The findings demonstrate that a combination of laser engraving or CNC machining with silicone casting produces finger-like shaped phantoms with high accuracy and consistency for rolled fingerprint recordings. For slap recordings, direct laser engraving of flat silicone targets excels and in the contactless fingerprint sensor setting, 3D printing and silicone filling provides the most favorable attributes. Our work enables a comprehensive, method-independent comparison of various fabrication methodologies, offering a unique perspective on the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. This facilitates a broader understanding of fingerprint recognition system validation and performance assessment.

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Section: Physical Fingerprint Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Synthetic, Physical Fingerprint Targets

Ruzicka,

Strobl,

Bergmann

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Wide variability in the derived mechanical properties of skin can be found in the literature (Table 1) due to the different experimental conditions and assumptions regarding linearity, time dependency, and anisotropy when modeling the mechanical response of cutaneous tissue. 54 Mechanical testing typically involves evaluating the relationship between the force applied to tissue and its displacement. Typically, the applied force is normalized by tissue cross-section and reported as stress, while the displacement is normalized by tissue length and reported as strain.…”

Section: The Mechanical Function Of Skin and Its Relation To Microstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 While tensile testing generally results in greater E values than other testing modalities, the modulus of individual dermal collagen fibers is orders of magnitude greater than the bulk skin properties due to skin volume fraction occupied by components that do not bear load or are less stiff (e.g., elastin, HA). 54 Therefore, the volume fraction of collagen fibers within tissue can have a significant effect on the bulk material properties of skin. The reported increases in E with age are not consistent with the reports of decreased collagen density in the previous section.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Structure–Function Relationships and the Wound Healing Response to Intrinsic Aging

Blair

Jones

Woessner

et al. 2020

Advances in Wound Care

115

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Significance: Chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, and pressure ulcers affect millions of Americans each year, and disproportionately afflict our increasingly older population. Older individuals are predisposed to wound infection, repeated trauma, and the development of chronic wounds. However, a complete understanding of how the attributes of aging skin affect the wound healing process has remained elusive. Recent Advances: A variety of studies have demonstrated that the dermal matrix becomes thinner, increasingly crosslinked, and fragmented with advanced age. These structural changes, as well as an increase in cell senescence, result in altered collagen fiber remodeling and increased stiffness. Studies combining mechanical testing with advanced imaging techniques are providing new insights into the relationships between these age-related changes. Emerging research into the mechanobiology of aging and the wound healing process indicate that the altered mechanical environment of aged skin may have a significant effect on age-related delays in healing. Critical Issues: The interpretation and synthesis of clinical studies is confounded by the effects of common comorbidities that also contribute to the development of chronic wounds. A lack of quantitative biomarkers of wound healing and age-related changes makes understanding structure-function relationships during the wound healing process challenging. Future Directions: Additional work is needed to establish quantitative and mechanistic relationships among age-related changes in the skin microstructure, mechanical function, and the cellular responses to wound healing.

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“…It represents about 15% of the body weight of an adult person. Skin is a membrane gland and performs absorption, secretion, respiration, temperature regulation, general and special sensitivity and synthesis of vitamin D, among many other functions [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key mechanical property is the Young’s Modulus (YM). The average YM of skin is 1 MPa [ 2 , 3 , 6 ]. Maximum tensile stress (MTS) and rupture ultimate strain (RUS) are also of utmost importance and their values greatly depend on the anatomical location [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactorial Effects of Gelling Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Skin-Like Gelatin Membranes Intended for In Vitro Experimentation and Artificial Skin Models

2021

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The development of new cosmetic products, skin contact medical devices, skin medicaments, wound care devices, tattooing and piercing has experienced an impressive growth in recent years. In parallel, new restrictions to in vivo experimentation in animals and humans have been widely implemented by regulatory authorities. New knowledge about alternative materials for in vitro skin-related experimentation is required to overcome these severe limitations. This paper presents a set of three 4-D surface response equations describing the mechanical properties of skin-like gelatin membranes intended for use as an alternative biomaterial for in vitro skin-related experimentation. The membranes were obtained by a sol-gel method. The novelty of this contribution is the establishment of the cross-dependency effects of key synthesis conditions on the final mechanical properties of gelatin membranes. The results of this work are useful to produce gelatin membranes with tailored mechanical properties mimicking different types of human skins. In particular, membranes with Young’s modulus of 1 MPa and maximum tensile strength of 0.85 MPa were obtained.

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Skin Mechanics

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Towards Synthetic, Physical Fingerprint Targets

Towards Synthetic, Physical Fingerprint Targets

Skin Structure–Function Relationships and the Wound Healing Response to Intrinsic Aging

Multifactorial Effects of Gelling Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Skin-Like Gelatin Membranes Intended for In Vitro Experimentation and Artificial Skin Models

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