Skin infection caused by a novel strain of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a Siberian husky dog owner

Robb, Andrew; Wright, Elizabeth D; Foster, Adele; Walker, Robert D.; Malone, Colin

doi:10.1099/jmmcr.0.005087

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…S. pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for particularly severe infection both in humans and dogs. The severity of these infections has been illustrated by several clinical cases including cellulitis, purulent exudate, inflammation, and necrosis (Weese et al, 2009 ; Stegmann et al, 2010 ; Riegel et al, 2011 ; Mayer and Rubin, 2012 ; Lee et al, 2015 ; Darlow et al, 2017 ; Robb et al, 2017 ). Contrary to S. aureus , for which a panel of virulence factors have been identified and characterized in the various pathophysiological contexts, knowledge about the pathogenesis of S. pseudintermedius remains limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Virulence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: A Major Role of Pore-Forming Toxins

Maali¹,

Badiou²,

Martins-Simões³

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is responsible for severe and necrotizing infections in humans and dogs. Contrary to S. aureus, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this virulence are incompletely understood. We previously showed the intracellular cytotoxicity induced after internalization of S. pseudintermedius. Herein, we aimed to identify the virulence factors responsible for this cytotoxic activity. After addition of filtered S. pseudintermedius supernatants in culture cell media, MG63 cells, used as representative of non-professional phagocytic cells (NPPc), released a high level of LDH, indicating that the cytotoxicity was mainly mediated by secreted factors. Accordingly, we focused our attention on S. pseudintermedius toxins. In silico analysis found the presence of two PSMs (δ-toxin and PSMε) as well as Luk-I leukotoxin, the presence of which was confirmed by PCR in all clinical strains tested (n = 17). Recombinant Luk-I leukotoxin had no cytotoxic activity on NPPc but the ectopic expression of the CXCR2 receptor in U937 cells conferred cytotoxity to Luk-I. This is in agreement with the lack of Luk-I effect on NPPc and the previous report of Luk-I cytoxic activity on immune cells. Contrary to Luk-I, synthetic δ-toxin and PSMε had a strong cytotoxic activity on NPPc. The secretion of δ-toxin and PSMε at cytotoxic concentrations by S. pseudintermedius in culture supernatant was confirmed by HPLC-MS. In addition, the supplementation of such supernatants with human serum, known to inhibit PSM, induced a complete abolition of cytotoxicity which indicates that PSMs are the key players in the cytotoxic phenotype of NPPc. The results suggest that the severity of S. pseudintermedius infections is, at least in part, explained by a combined action of Luk-I that specifically targets immune cells expressing the CXCR2 receptor, and PSMs that disrupt cell membranes whatever the cell types. The present study strengthens the key role of PSMs in virulence of the different species belonging to Staphylococcus genus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Virulence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: A Major Role of Pore-Forming Toxins

Maali¹,

Badiou²,

Martins-Simões³

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In addition to canine health problems, MRSP infection is increasing in humans, especially those with close relationships with dogs (SOMAYAJI et al, 2016;ROBB et al, 2017) Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance surveillance to inform evidence-based empiric therapeutic selection suggested that a new clonal population of MRSP, resistant to most therapeutically antibiotics, is emerging (PRIYANTHA; GAUNT & RUBIN, 2016;VIDELA, 2017). According to KASAI et al (2016), the incidence of MRSP has been increasing worldwide, limiting treatment options.…”

Section: Antibiotic ----------------------------------------------Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, a high incidence of MRSP in dogs with pyoderma has been reported over the last few years (LOPES et al, 2015;BOTONI et al, 2016;BOURGUIGNON et al, 2016). Moreover, this microorganism has been increasingly implicated in human infections (SOMAYAJI et al, 2016;ROBB et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs with otitis externa

et al. 2018

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Infections by Staphyloccocus pseudintermedius in the skin of dogs have been object of studies, since such microorganisms often present multiple resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) strains isolated from dogs with otitis. Swabs from both ears of 52 dogs with otitis (n=104) were included. Bacteria were cultured using Muller-Hinton agar (supplemented with 5% equine blood and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. All colonies underwent biochemical evaluation for identification of staphylococci. The identity of colonies as SP was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial susceptibility of SP strains was evaluated by disk diffusion. The presence of the gene mecA was evaluated in all SP isolates by PCR. Forty-four SP strains were isolated from swabs of 31 dogs (31/52, 59.6%). Seventy-five percent of the strains were susceptible to cephalexin and 93.2% to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. Less than 23% of the strains were susceptible to penicillin. For non-beta-lactam antimicrobials, 63.6% of the strains showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 61.4% to tetracycline, and 38, 64% to enrofloxacin. Aminoglycoside resistance rate was 27.3% for gentamicin. Resistance to oxacillin in vitro was detected in 13 of the 44 strains (29, 55%). A total of 12 strains (27.3%) were positive for mecA gene and five of these 12 strains were susceptible to in vitro oxacillin. Twenty-six (59, 1%) strains were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials, and classified as multi resistant. Our results showed high frequency of SP and multi resistant isolates to antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary.

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“…S. pseudintermedius carrying exfoliative toxin siet and LukF/S-I genes was isolated from a husky dog and its owner suffering from a severe skin infection (Robb et al 2017). Somayaji et al (2016) had previously reported 24 cases of human infections due to this bacterial species but no investigation of virulence factors was done in their study.…”

Section: Human Health Implications Of These Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors in coagulase-positive staphylococci of veterinary interest other than Staphylococcus aureus

González-Martín

Corbera

Suárez‐Bonnet

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CoPS) can exist as commensals in humans, companion and food-producing animals, but can cause severe or even lethal diseases. Exchange of these bacteria between humans and animals has been described. Special attention has been focused on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but other CoPS can also represent an important threat. In addition to significant antimicrobial resistance, these bacteria may carry a plethora of virulence factors-molecules that allow bacteria to establish on or within a host and increase their ability to cause disease. These virulence factors have been widely described in S. aureus but information about other species of CoPS is scarce. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature about the virulence factors of non-aureus CoPS of animal origin. Their possible effects on human health are also described. The role and prevalence of different virulence factors including leukocidins, hemolysins, adhesins, enterotoxins, exfoliative and toxic shock syndrome toxins as well as superantigen-like proteins are addressed. The effect of these virulence factors on human health is also described. The possibility of misdiagnosis of species of CoPS has been demonstrated in human clinical samples. Prevalence of zoonotic infections could be higher than thought and medical laboratories should be aware of these other staphylococcal species. In keeping with the 'One Health' approach to animal and human disease, medical professionals, veterinarians and health workers should be aware of the risks derived from exposure to these bacteria in people in close contact with animals, including pet owners, farmers and veterinarians themselves.

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Skin infection caused by a novel strain of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a Siberian husky dog owner

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Understanding the Virulence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: A Major Role of Pore-Forming Toxins

Understanding the Virulence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: A Major Role of Pore-Forming Toxins

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs with otitis externa

Virulence factors in coagulase-positive staphylococci of veterinary interest other than Staphylococcus aureus

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