Skin exposure to deodorants/antiperspirants in aerosol form

Steiling, W.; Buttgereit, P.; Hall, Barbara; O’Keeffe, Lara; Safford, Bob; Tozer, S.; Coroama, M.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.058

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Leave‐on antiperspirants contain aerosol spray (60%; Euromonitor estimate), soft solid, and stick formulations. Immediate losses of non‐ethanol‐based spray formulations are taken from an experiment with a panel of German adult volunteers, habitual users of this product type (Steiling et al ). The resulting discrete distribution reflects the stochastic variability across individuals in the study (n = 51).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Contribution Made to Down‐the‐Drain Emissions of D5 by Personal Care Product Categories in the European Union

Franco¹,

Egmond

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Aquatic risk assessment of personal care chemicals requires quantifying the contribution of all product types containing these ingredients to down‐the‐drain emissions. We developed a probabilistic model framework embracing stochastic variability associated with individual consumers and their behaviors in the European Union, as well as other sources of uncertainty related to losses following applications (e.g., volatilization). The model was applied to decamethylcyclopentasoloxane (D5), an emollient used in wash‐off (WO) and leave‐on (LO) products. Quantifying contributions from each product category containing D5 to down‐the‐drain emissions is necessary to inform optimal risk management options. Simulation results for the baseline scenario in 2012 support the argument that LO products make up a minor contribution (7.1%) to down‐the‐drain emissions of D5, with only 0.20% of the D5 used in LO products being released to wastewater. The most influential model parameters are the release factor from WO products and the time between application and use for various LO product types, stressing the importance of embracing stochastic variability across individuals’ behavior when assessing contributions of various product types to environmental emissions. The downward trend in WO use from 2010 to 2016 is reflected in declining concentrations in wastewater influent during the same period. Uncertainty remains about future levels of D5, once phasing out WO products is complete. The probabilistic model in conjunction with high‐tier data of consumer habits is a promising high‐tier tool for the characterization of complex emission scenarios of personal care ingredients. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–12. © 2019 SETAC

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Contribution Made to Down‐the‐Drain Emissions of D5 by Personal Care Product Categories in the European Union

Franco¹,

Egmond

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…Notwithstanding appearing in treating hyperpigmentation, these specialists additionally give more prominent knowledge into the pathogenesis of dyschromia, hence improving our comprehension of the numerous complexities of pigment disorders. 153 Cellulite is a genuine cosmetic worry for the greater part of the 90% of women influenced by it. The phenomenon is most normally observed on hips, posterior, and thighs however can likewise contact different territories, including the abdomen.…”

Section: Targeted Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmetics in use: a pharmacological review

Mohiuddin¹

2019

JDC

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Cosmetics" really comes from its utilization in Ancient Rome. They were commonly delivered by female slaves known as "cosmetae," which is the place "cosmetics" originated from. Cosmetics are utilized to upgrade appearance. Makeup has been around for a long time. The primary known individuals who utilized cosmetics to upgrade their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was simply basic eye shading or some material for the body. Presently a-days makeup assumes an imperative job for the two men and women. In developmental brain science, social challenge of appearance reinforces women's wants for perfect beauty. As indicated by "The Origin of Species", people have developed to exchange qualities to future ages through sexual determination that respects the body state of perfect beauty as astounding richness. Also, since women's beauty has as of late been viewed as an upper hand to make social power, a body that satisfies the social guidelines of a culture could accomplish restricted social assets. It's hard to believe, but it’s true, even men have turned out to be more beauty cognizant and are worried about their looks. Cosmetics can be delivered in the natural and hypoallergenic structure to fulfill the needs of clients. Makeup is utilized as a beauty help to help develop the self-esteem and certainty of a person. The significance of cosmetics has expanded the same number of individuals need to remain youthful and alluring. Cosmetics are promptly accessible today as creams, lipstick, scents, eye shadows, nail shines, hair showers and so forth. Different cosmetics like face powder offer gleam to the skin subsequent to applying the base cream. At that point we have lipsticks, which are connected by numerous women all things considered. They are produced using wax and cocoa butter in the ideal sum. Cosmetics like creams, gels, and colognes are utilized consistently by the two women and men. Creams go about as a chemical for the face as a rule. All the more as of late enemy of maturing creams have been made which can hold more youthful looking skin for a long time. The best cleansing specialists are cleansing cream, cleanser and water. Cosmetic creams fill in as skin sustenance for hard, dry and dry skin. It fundamentally greases up, diminishes and expels undesirable earth from the skin. Some famous fat creams that are utilized incorporate Vaseline and Lanolin. Dry creams are utilized in the assembling of cleanser and gelatin which is utilized as a base for the skin. Hair care has turned out to be one of the quickest creating markets in the beauty business. Numerous young fellows swing to oils and gels to keep up and style their hair. Items like hair gels, oils, and moisturizers have been acquainted in the market with assistance ensure hair fall and dandruff. A few callings, similar to the entertainment biz industry, center on the significance of the external appearance. Numerous identities and craftsmen have used makeup to beat the brutal lights and the glare of camera flashes. They know the significance of their looks and keep up them by utilizing an assortment of cosmetics. Their appearance is their most profitable resource and they accept each undertaking to show up as the fans need them to show up. Late research has demonstrated that makeup helps in assurance from destructive beams of the sun. Numerous beauty items producers have used the necessities of individuals to shield themselves and their skin from the beams of the sun. This is an extraordinary achievement on the grounds that prior make up and sun assurance could not mix together. Today Cosmetics help to upgrade our appearance and make us feel increasingly certain. With more cosmetics available today than any other time in recent memory, it ends up clear to us that they assume an extraordinary job in our regular daily existence (Figure 1).

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“…Shoe polish, paints, contact cement, adhesive, lubricants [98] The exposure scenario should take into account the direction of spraying-into the room (air freshener), horizontally, or vertically onto a surface (cleaning spray, paints) or toward the body (personal care, cosmetic), especially for cosmetic products, contact with the skin is intended and systematically investigated [105]. The use of other products also leads to dermal exposure due to the airborne fraction, e.g., by overspray occurring while spraying onto a surface, especially if the particle size is smaller than 15 µm [106].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Exposure by Spraying Activities—Status and Future Needs

Hahn

Meyer

Roitzsch

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Spray applications enable a uniform distribution of substances on surfaces in a highly efficient manner, and thus can be found at workplaces as well as in consumer environments. A systematic literature review on modelling exposure by spraying activities has been conducted and status and further needs have been discussed with experts at a symposium. This review summarizes the current knowledge about models and their level of conservatism and accuracy. We found that extraction of relevant information on model performance for spraying from published studies and interpretation of model accuracy proved to be challenging, as the studies often accounted for only a small part of potential spray applications. To achieve a better quality of exposure estimates in the future, more systematic evaluation of models is beneficial, taking into account a representative variety of spray equipment and application patterns. Model predictions could be improved by more accurate consideration of variation in spray equipment. Inter-model harmonization with regard to spray input parameters and appropriate grouping of spray exposure situations is recommended. From a user perspective, a platform or database with information on different spraying equipment and techniques and agreed standard parameters for specific spraying scenarios from different regulations may be useful.

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Skin exposure to deodorants/antiperspirants in aerosol form

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Estimation of the Contribution Made to Down‐the‐Drain Emissions of D5 by Personal Care Product Categories in the European Union

Estimation of the Contribution Made to Down‐the‐Drain Emissions of D5 by Personal Care Product Categories in the European Union

Cosmetics in use: a pharmacological review

Modelling Exposure by Spraying Activities—Status and Future Needs

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