Compositon of human milk was studied during the feed in six women, through-out the day in one woman on 3 consecutive days and in three women on 39 occasions during established lactation. The total lipid content varied in the course of suckling as well as diurnally in a regular and predictable manner, but the fatty acid composition of the lipid remained constant and was similar in the subjects examined. Fatty acid pattern of milk lipid of one woman supplementing her diet with unsaturated fats was studied. The changes in the milk lipid compostion, induced by the altered diet, are discussed in relation to the mechanism of milk fat synthesis. The described changes in milk composition are specific and may be physiologically significant. The composition of lipid in milk of mothers on adequate and balanced diet shows only limited fluctuations forming a species-specific pattern. The variations that occur in extreme dietary conditions (malnutrition, undernutrition, supplementation) are not random and can be predicted.

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Access to reliable exposure data is essential for the evaluation of the toxicological safety of ingredients in cosmetic products. This study complements the data set obtained previously (Part 1) and published in 2007 by the European cosmetic industry acting within COLIPA. It provides, in distribution form, exposure data on daily quantities of five cosmetic product types: hair styling, hand cream, liquid foundation, mouthwash and shower gel. In total 80,000 households and 14,413 individual consumers in five European countries provided information using their own products. The raw data were analysed using Monte Carlo simulation and a European Statistical Population Model of exposure was constructed. A significant finding was an inverse correlation between the frequency of product use and the quantity used per application recorded for mouthwash and shower gel. The combined results of Part 1 (7 product types) and Part 2 (5 products) reported here, bring up to date and largely confirm the current exposure parameters concerning some 95% of the estimated daily exposure to cosmetics use in the EU. The design of this study, with its relation to demographic and individual diversity, could serve as a model for studies of populations' exposure to other consumer products.

This study investigated the effects of wearing a wrist support splint for 8 wk and receiving a formal education program on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), as well as factors associated with patients' desire to seek surgical intervention. Participants were recruited from a hospital surgical wait list and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 24). Significant improvements in measures of symptom severity and functional status over the duration of the study appeared in the intervention group but not in the control group. Logistic regression for the intervention group showed that symptom severity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.20-1.93]), functional deficits (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.08-1.57]), pain score (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.11-1.61]), and symptom duration (OR = 1.11, 95% CI [1.01-1.24]) were positively associated with the desire to seek surgical intervention. This conservative CTS treatment program conducted by occupational therapists can improve symptoms and hand function in CTS patients.

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