Skin Cosmetics

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Cosmetics and the Skin 1.2. The Function of Skin Cosmetics 1.3. History 2. Product Development 2.1. Choice of Raw Materials 2.2. Tests for Stability and Effectiveness 3. Emulsions 3.1. Introduction and Definition 3.2. Composition and Classification 3.2.1. Emulsifiers 3.2.2. Lipophilic Constituents 3.2.3. Hydrophilic Constituents 3.2.4. Additives 3.2.5. Special Ingredients 3.3. PIT‐Emulsions 3.3.1. General Introduction and Definition 3.3.2. Phase Behavior of Oil ‐ Surfactant ‐ Water Systems 3.3.3. Influence of Temperature on the Phase Behavior of an Emulsion 3.3.4. Effects of Formulation Variables on Phase Inversion Temperature 3.3.5. Nature of the Phase Inversion Area 3.3.6. Physicochemical Characterization of the Phase Inversion Temperature 3.3.6.1. Electrical Conductivity Measurement 3.3.6.2. Interfacial Tension Measurement 3.3.7. Emulsification Production Process and Emulsification Routes 3.3.8. CAPICO Method (Calculation of Phase Inversion in Concentrates) 3.3.9. Applications 3.4. Stability and Product Safety 3.5. Cosmetic Properties 3.6. Production 4. Gels 4.1. Lipogels 4.2. Hydrogels 4.2.1. Polymer Gels 4.2.2. Hydrodispersion Gels 4.3. Lecithin Organogels 4.4. Gel‐Emulsions 4.5. Surfactant Gels/Detergent Gels 4.6. Microemulsion Gels 4.7. Water‐in‐Silicon Oil Gels 5. Oils 5.1. Ingredients 5.2. Production 6. Lipsticks 6.1. Lip Protection 6.2. Composition 6.3. Testing 6.4. Production 7. Shower and Bath Preparations 7.1. Composition 7.1.1. Surfactants 7.1.2. Auxiliaries 7.2. Product Forms and Types 7.3. Production 8. Deodorants and Antiperspirants 8.1. Composition 8.2. Application Forms 8.3. Testing 8.4. Production 9. Body Powders 10. Decorative Body Agents, Cosmetics, and Makeup 10.1. Types of Decorative Cosmetics 10.2. Colorants 10.3. Production 11. Sunscreens 11.1. Composition 11.2. Evaluation 11.3. Effectiveness and Production 11.4. Toxicology and Environmental Protection 12. Stability Testing 12.1. Storage Conditions 12.2. Test Methods 13. In Vitro Compatibility Testing 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Test Methods 14. Economic Aspects 15. Legal Aspects

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