Skin bioinspired anti-ultraviolet melanin/TiO2 nanoparticles without penetration for efficient broad-spectrum sunscreen

Isolation and Elucidation of Bacterial Melanin's Sun Protection Factor (SPF) for Photoprotection in Cosmetics

“…30 In recent study, an active ingredient melanin/ TiO2 nanoparticles were used in formulating sunscreen that achieved SPF of about 116.9 and 162.4 with about 10 percentage of weight and 15 percentage of weight. 31 Also, ethyl acetate of Padina boergesenii proved to be a great potential as a natural UV filter in a specific sunscreen formulation. 32 The formulation of cream of Polycladia myrica with five percentage of ethyl acetate fraction expressed a high SPF of ranges 31.79 ± 4.73, UVA/PF (24.67 ± 4.03), critical wavelength (383.2 ± 0.1nm) and UVA and UVB ratio (0.98 ± 0.01) revealed that these extracted formulation proved to be valuable sun protective emulsion.…”

Development of an Antioxidant and UV-Shielding Composite Hydrogel Using Mussel-Inspired Cellulose Nanocrystals, Polydopamine, and Poly(vinyl alcohol) for Application in Sunscreens

“…While large amounts of UVC and some UVB light are filtered and absorbed by the ozone layer of the stratosphere, the remaining UVA, UVB, and UVC light can reach the surface of the earth and damage human skin. , UVA can penetrate up to the dermis layer of the skin, affecting skin elasticity and causing wrinkles . UVB radiation can induce nucleic acid or protein denaturation in the skin cells, resulting in conditions such as acute dermatitis, skin cancer, and actinic keratosis. , UVC can also cause apoptosis and burning of the skin; furthermore, long-term exposure to even short periods of medium-intensity UVC irradiation can cause skin cancer …”

“…Moreover, the side effects associated with TiO 2 , ZnO, and SiO 2 nanoparticles have raised concerns regarding their safety . Currently available commercial organic sunscreens largely rely on octocrylene, avobenzone, oxybenzone, and ecamsule . Nevertheless, these sunscreens are prone to producing free radicals, which have the potential to penetrate the skin and cause irritation …”

Permanent Low-Toxicity Hair Dye Based on Pregrafting Melanin with Cystine

“…Unlike hair dyes based on small molecules, PDA does not penetrate the hair and skin but instead deposits on the hair surface. 15,16 This provides a protection layer to hair instead of inducing damage and can avoid the potential risks to the human body. However, the slow polymerization rate and insufficient pigmentation degree of PDA due to its weak interaction with hair greatly limit its function to produce the deep black color needed for people like Asians.…”

“…Polydopamine (PDA), generated from oxidative polymerization of naturally occurring dopamine (DA), has aroused extensive attention in various research areas. , A lot of research effort has been made on surface engineering by using PDA because of its versatile adhesion capability, − excellent biocompatibility, , and good ability to capture free radicals and absorb UV light. ,− Because its molecular structure is highly analogous to eumelanin, the darkest pigment in human hair, PDA has recently been reported to be a very promising melanin-mimetic hair dye with low toxicity. Unlike hair dyes based on small molecules, PDA does not penetrate the hair and skin but instead deposits on the hair surface. , This provides a protection layer to hair instead of inducing damage and can avoid the potential risks to the human body. However, the slow polymerization rate and insufficient pigmentation degree of PDA due to its weak interaction with hair greatly limit its function to produce the deep black color needed for people like Asians .…”