Skin Autofluorescence Is Associated With 5-Year Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Objective— Advanced glycation end products play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Recently, we showed that tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, noninvasively assessed by skin autofluorescence (SAF), is increased in patients with peripheral artery disease. The aim of the present study was to establish whether SAF is associated with all-cause mortality and with fatal or nonfatal major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with peripheral artery disease. Approach and Results— We performed a single-center prospective cohort study of 252 patients with peripheral artery disease (mean age, 66 ± 11 years), recruited from the outpatient clinic (October 2007 to June 2008) who were followed until June 2013. SAF was measured with the AGE Reader. The primary end point was all-cause mortality, and the secondary end point was fatal or nonfatal MACE, defined as cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. During a median follow-up of 5.1 (interquartile range, 5.0–5.3) years, 62 (25%) patients died. Fatal or nonfatal MACE occurred in 62 (25%) patients. A higher SAF was associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio per unit increase, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–2.88; P =0.0002) and fatal or nonfatal MACE (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.60; P =0.001), also after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and the use of lipid-lowering drugs (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–2.34; P =0.009 and hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.17; P =0.03, for all-cause mortality and fatal and nonfatal MACE, respectively). Conclusions— SAF as a measure of advanced glycation end products deposition is independently associated with all-cause mortality and fatal or nonfatal MACE in patients with peripheral artery disease after a 5-year follow-up.

Skin Autofluorescence–Indicated Advanced Glycation End Products as Predictors of Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality in High‐Risk Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

“…Of the 56 full‐text articles reviewed, only 10 studies25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 met the eligibility criteria (Figure 1). Seven studies25, 27, 28, 30, 33, 34 quantified the risk for all‐cause mortality, and 8 samples from 7 studies25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34 quantified the risk for cardiovascular mortality.…”

“…Seven studies25, 27, 28, 30, 33, 34 quantified the risk for all‐cause mortality, and 8 samples from 7 studies25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34 quantified the risk for cardiovascular mortality. The studies were conducted in 4 European countries25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 1 Asian country 29. The reports were published between 2005 and 2015 (Table 1).…”

“…The studies included patients with renal disease,25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34 peripheral artery disease,26 and diabetes mellitus 30, 32. The percentage of male participants ranged from 39.3% to 73.0%, and the percentage of current smokers ranged from 10.0% to 50.0%.…”

“…The percentage of male participants ranged from 39.3% to 73.0%, and the percentage of current smokers ranged from 10.0% to 50.0%. Most studies included a normal weight population,25, 28, 29, 31, 32 and only 3 included an overweight population 26, 27, 31. The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 18.0% to 91.0%, and the prevalence of preexisting CVD ranged from 29.0% to 50.0%.…”

A bőr-autofluoreszcencia és a konvencionális glykaemiás markerek kapcsolata diabeteses betegekben

“…Az ismert perifériás érbeteg-ségben szenvedő páciensek (kizárási kritérium volt a sú-lyos veseelégtelenség vagy transzplantáció utáni állapot, a közelmúltban zajlott szívinfarktus vagy stroke) csoportjában az 5 éves mortalitás a tradicionális cardiovascularis rizikófaktoroktól függetlenül korrelált a SAF-mé-rés eredményével, hasonló összefüggés a nem fatális eseményekkel kapcsolatban is kimutatható volt [25]. A PAD követése során megfi gyelt mortalitás SAF-fal tör-ténő predikcióját egyéb felmérésben is bizonyították [26].…”