Skin and bone development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) influenced by hatchery environment

Robinson, Nick; Karlsen, Christian; Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Krasnov, Aleksei; Gerwins, Jascha; Johnsen, Hanne; Kolarevic, Jelena

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737155

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In the context of salmon aquaculture, health issues related to skeletal disorders are concerning both during early development ( Robinson et al 2021 ), during production as excessive stress factors such as crowding can delay wound healing and scale mineralization ( Sveen et al . 2018 ), and at the slaughter line ( Holm et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic landscape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin

Sveen,

Robinson,

Krasnov

et al. 2023

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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In this study, we present the first spatial transcriptomic atlas of Atlantic salmon skin using the Visium Spatial Gene Expression protocol. We utilized frozen skin tissue from four distinct sites, namely the operculum, pectoral and caudal fins, and scaly skin at the flank of the fish close to the lateral line, obtained from two Atlantic salmon (150 g). High quality frozen tissue sections were obtained by embedding tissue in O.C.T media prior to freezing and sectioning. Further, we generated libraries and spatial transcriptomic maps, achieving a minimum of 80 million reads per sample with mapping efficiencies ranging from 79.3% to 89.4%. Our analysis revealed the detection of over 80.000 transcripts and nearly 30.000 genes in each sample. Among the tissue types observed in the skin, the epithelial tissues exhibited the highest number of transcripts (UMI-counts), followed by muscle tissue, loose and fibrous connective tissue, and bone. Notably, the widest nodes in the transcriptome network were shared among the epithelial clusters, while dermal tissues showed less consistency, which is likely attributable to the presence of multiple cell types at different body locations. Additionally, we identified collagen type 1 as the most prominent gene family in the skin, while keratins were found to be abundant in the epithelial tissue. Furthermore, we successfully identified gene markers specific to epithelial tissue, bone, and mesenchyme. To validate their expression patterns, we conducted a meta-analysis of the microarray database, which confirmed high expression levels of these markers in mucosal organs, skin, gills, and the olfactory rosette.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic landscape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin

Sveen,

Robinson,

Krasnov

et al. 2023

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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“…A total of 20 missense mutations are found here, overlapped by seven genes (Table S13). Two of these are described in teleost fish: loc115200043 which is an immune effector described in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ; Robinson et al., 2021) and loc115199627 which has functions related to seminal fluid composition in rainbow trout and common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ; Shaliutina‐Kolešová et al., 2016). An additional gene, adgrd1 , may have a sex‐specific expression; it regulates oviductal fluid in mammals (Bianchi et al., 2021) and is linked to sex‐specific response to hypoxia in medaka ( Oryzias melastigma ; Lai et al., 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New indicators for monitoring genetic diversity applied to alpine brown trout populations using whole genome sequence data

Kurland,

Saha,

Keehnen

et al. 2023

Molecular Ecology

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International policy recently adopted commitments to maintain genetic diversity in wild populations to secure their adaptive potential, including metrics to monitor temporal trends in genetic diversity – so‐called indicators. A national programme for assessing trends in genetic diversity was recently initiated in Sweden. Relating to this effort, we systematically assess contemporary genome‐wide temporal trends (40 years) in wild populations using the newly adopted indicators and whole genome sequencing (WGS). We use pooled and individual WGS data from brown trout (Salmo trutta) in eight alpine lakes in protected areas. Observed temporal trends in diversity metrics (nucleotide diversity, Watterson's ϴ and heterozygosity) lie within proposed acceptable threshold values for six of the lakes, but with consistently low values in lakes above the tree line and declines observed in these northern‐most lakes. Local effective population size is low in all lakes, highlighting the importance of continued protection of interconnected systems to allow genetic connectivity for long‐term viability of these populations. Inbreeding (FROH) spans 10%–30% and is mostly represented by ancient (<1 Mb) runs of homozygosity, with observations of little change in mutational load. We also investigate adaptive dynamics over evolutionarily short time frames (a few generations); identifying putative parallel selection across all lakes within a gene pertaining to skin pigmentation as well as candidates of selection unique to specific lakes and lake systems involved in reproduction and immunity. We demonstrate the utility of WGS for systematic monitoring of natural populations, a priority concern if genetic diversity is to be protected.

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“…Robinson et al (45) reported the development of salmon skin and bone and emphasised the increase in epidermis thickness and number of mucus cells, as well as mineralisation, as important developmental factors and indicators of a healthy fish. The more rapid maturation of the scales adds to this, as it is part of the protective barrier of the fish (9) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed increase in epidermis thickness, mucus cell count and more rapid scale development in the high VLC-PUFA groups indicate that skin of fish in the VLC-PUFA diet groups developed more rapidly, which may provide them with more robust skin earlier in development. Robinson et al ( 45 ) reported the development of salmon skin and bone and emphasised the increase in epidermis thickness and number of mucus cells, as well as mineralisation, as important developmental factors and indicators of a healthy fish. The more rapid maturation of the scales adds to this, as it is part of the protective barrier of the fish ( 9 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the functions of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs in skin using in vivo Atlantic salmon and in vitro human and fish skin models

Torrissen

Ytteborg

Svensen³

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 VLC-PUFAs) on the maturation and development of skin tissue in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vivo, as well as their effects on skin keratocyte and human skin fibroblast cell migration in vitro. Atlantic salmon were fed different dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFAs from an initial weight of 6 g to a final weight of 11 g. Changes in skin morphology were analysed at two timepoints during the experiment and the effects on skin tissue fatty acid composition were determined. Additionally, in vitro experiments using human dermal fibroblasts and primary Atlantic salmon keratocytes were conducted to investigate the effect of VLC-PUFAs on the migration capacity of the cells. The results demonstrated that increased dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFAs led to an increased epidermis thickness and more rapid scale maturation in Atlantic salmon skin in vivo, leading to a more mature skin morphology, and possibly more robust skin, at an earlier life stage. Additionally, human skin fibroblasts and salmon skin keratocytes supplemented with n-3 VLC-PUFAs in vitro showed more rapid migration, indicating potentially beneficial effects of VLC-PUFAs in wound healing. In conclusion, VLC-PUFAs may have beneficial effects on skin tissue development, function, and integrity.

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Skin and bone development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) influenced by hatchery environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Transcriptomic landscape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin

Transcriptomic landscape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin

New indicators for monitoring genetic diversity applied to alpine brown trout populations using whole genome sequence data

Investigation of the functions of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs in skin using in vivo Atlantic salmon and in vitro human and fish skin models

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