Sketching to Remember: Episodic Free Recall Task Support for Child Witnesses and Victims with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mattison, Michelle; Dando, Coral J.; Ormerod, Thomas C.

doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2335-z

Cited by 74 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In line with previous research, children with autism recalled fewer items of correct information about the witnessed event than their TD peers (with age and fullscale IQ controlled) (Bruck et al, 2007;Mattison et al, 2016Mattison et al, , 2015McCrory et al, 2007). Breaking correct recall down into the types of details remembered (people, setting, actions, objects, general, and conversation) indicated that group differences were present for all types of information except conversation (in fact, few relevant details were recalled by either group about conversations).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Do measures of memory, language, and attention predict eyewitness memory in children with and without autism?

Henry

Messer

Wilcock

et al. 2017

Autism & Developmental Language Impairments

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Background and aims: There are few investigations of the relationship between cognitive abilities (memory, language, and attention) and children's eyewitness performance in typically developing children, and even fewer in children on the autism spectrum. Such investigations are important to identify key cognitive processes underlying eyewitness recall, and assess how predictive such measures are compared to intelligence, diagnostic group status (autism or typically developing) and age. Methods: A total of 272 children (162 boys, 110 girls) of age 76 months to 142 months (M ¼ 105 months) took part in this investigation: 71 children with autism and 201 children with typical development. The children saw a staged event involving a minor mock crime and were asked about what they had witnessed in an immediate Brief Interview. This focused on free recall, included a small number of open-ended questions, and was designed to resemble an initial evidence gathering statement taken by police officers arriving at a crime scene. Children were also given standardised tests of intelligence, memory, language, and attention. Results & conclusions: Despite the autism group recalling significantly fewer items of correct information than the typically developing group at Brief Interview, both groups were equally accurate in their recall: 89% of details recalled by the typically developing group and 87% of the details recalled by the autism group were correct. To explore the relationship between Brief Interview performance and the cognitive variables, alongside age, diagnostic group status and non-verbal intelligence quotient, multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, with Brief Interview performance as the dependant variable. Age and diagnostic group status were significant predictors of correct recall, whereas non-verbal intelligence was less important. After age, non-verbal intelligence, and diagnostic group status had been accounted for, the only cognitive variables that were significant predictors of Brief Interview performance were measures of memory (specifically, memory for faces and memory for stories). There was little evidence of there being differences between the autism and typically developing groups in the way the cognitive variables predicted the Brief Interview. Implications: The findings provide reassurance that age -the most straightforward information to which all relevant criminal justice professionals have access -provides a helpful indication of eyewitness performance. The accuracy of prediction can be improved by knowing the child's diagnostic status (i.e. whether the child is on the autism spectrum), and further still by using more specific assessments (namely memory for faces and memory for stories), possibly via the input of a trained professional. Importantly, the findings also confirm that whilst children with autism may recall less information than typically developing children, the information they do recall is just as accurate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Do measures of memory, language, and attention predict eyewitness memory in children with and without autism?

Henry

Messer

Wilcock

et al. 2017

Autism & Developmental Language Impairments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In particular, a failure to utilise categorical and relational features of information to aid recall has been found (Bowler et al, 1997;Gaigg et al, 2008;Minshew & Goldstein, 1993). Deficits in source monitoring abilities are also apparent (Bowler et al, 2004;Bennetto et al, 1996;Hala, Rasmussen & Henderson, 2005) and impairments in working memory and verbal information processing (Gabig, 2008;Goldstein, Minshew, & Siegel, 1994;Minshew & Goldstein, 1998;2001) may result in severe difficulties processing the detailed linguistic instructions of MRC (see Mattison, Dando & Ormerod, 2015).…”

Section: Context (Mrc) Mrc Comprises a Series Of Verbal Instructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its purpose was to offer an alternative method by which interviewers could reap the accepted benefits of context reinstatement by addressing problems associated with i) incorrect and infrequent application of MRC (Clarke & Milne, 2001;Dando et al, 2008;, ii) the complexity of the MRC instructions for some witnesses (see 2013;Mattison et al, 2015), and iii) negative effects of incompatible contextual retrieval cues (e.g., Fisher & Craik, 1977;Friestad & Thorson, 1993;Schacter, Norman, & Koutstaal, 1998). Typically, Sketch-RC has been shown to be more effective than the MRC in reducing errors, and increasing correct recall for typically developed and older adults 2009 b ;2011;2013).…”

Section: Sketch Reinstatement To Support Recallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has begun to investigate the efficacy of Sketch-RC for supporting children with ASD to freely recall an episodic event (Mattison et al, 2015). Benefits are believed to arise because the instructions are straightforward and brief, and the technique is reliant upon visual rather than verbal styles of information processing (Goldstein, Minshew, & Siegel, 1994); also, children are not being asked to process relational information in order to access episodic memory stores (which MRC dictates).…”

Section: Sketch Reinstatement To Support Recallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drawing the answers: Sketching to support free and probed recall by child witnesses and victims with autism spectrum disorder

Mattison

Dando

Ormerod

2016

Autism

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The success of witness interviews in the criminal justice system depends on the accuracy of information obtained, which is a function of both amount and quality of information. Attempts to enhance witness retrieval such as mental reinstatement of context have been designed with typically developed adults in mind. In this paper, the relative benefits of mental and sketch reinstatement mnemonics are explored with both typically developing children and children with autism. Children watched a crime event video, and their retrieval of event information was examined in free and probed recall phases of a cognitive interview. As expected, typically developing children recalled more correct information of all types than children with autism during free and probed recall phases.Sketching during free recall was more beneficial for both groups in both phases in reducing the amount of incorrect items, but the relative effect of sketching on enhancing retrieval accuracy was greater for children with autism. The results indicate the benefits of choosing retrieval mnemonics that are sensitive to the specific impairments of autistic individuals, and suggest that retrieval accuracy during interviews can be enhanced, in some cases to the same level as that of typically developing individuals.

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“…Encouragingly, psychologically-guided and evidence-based implications for practice have begun to emerge in recent years, particularly in relation to police interviewing of individuals with ASD (e.g., Maras & Bowler, 2010;2014;Mattison, Dando & Ormerod, 2015). These complement a variety of mandatory and discretionary measures to ensure that police obtain best evidence from vulnerable victims and witnesses, which includes all individuals with an ASD diagnosis (Ministry of Justice, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Policing in England and Wales: Surveying Police and the Autism Community

Crane

Maras

Hawken

et al. 2016

J Autism Dev Disord

106

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Experiences of autism spectrum disorder and policing in England and Wales: surveying police and the autism community. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), pp. 2028-2041. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2729 This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract An online survey gathered the experiences and views of 394 police officers (from England and Wales) regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Just 42% of officers were satisfied with how they had worked with individuals with ASD and reasons for this varied. Although officers acknowledged the need for adjustments, organisational/time constraints were cited as barriers. Whilst 37% of officers had received training on ASD, a need for training tailored to policing roles (e.g., response officers, detectives) was identified. Police responses are discussed with respect to the experiences of the ASD community (31 adults with ASD, 49 parents), who were largely dissatisfied with their experience of the police and echoed the need for police training on ASD. Permanent

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Sketching to Remember: Episodic Free Recall Task Support for Child Witnesses and Victims with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Do measures of memory, language, and attention predict eyewitness memory in children with and without autism?

Do measures of memory, language, and attention predict eyewitness memory in children with and without autism?

Drawing the answers: Sketching to support free and probed recall by child witnesses and victims with autism spectrum disorder

Experiences of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Policing in England and Wales: Surveying Police and the Autism Community

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